Most small wind turbines use permanent magnet (PM) generators. The generators are usually direct-drive (i.e., no gearbox is required). Direct-drive PM generators are characterized by low maintenance and high efficiency. Small wind turbines are usually self-starting and require very simple controls. Cogging torque is an inherent characteristic of PM generators and is caused by the geometry of th...

In this article design and operation of a parallel-plate capacitive sensor based on the dielectric capacitance and conductance change of the gap medium is reported. The designed system was used to determine characteristics of different water liquids as a result of the capacitance variations. The air gap capacitance is measured and then by filling the gap with a liquid the capacitance is monitor...

The main focus of this work was the simulation and optimization of a BIPV-façade-system configuration through the development of simulations using the software ”TRNSYS”. First, several limitations and constraints within the TRNSYS framework needed to be solved to develop a reliable simulation environment. Various parameters were detected which are influencing the temperature distribution over a...

A novel capacitive tactile sensor using a polyurethane thin film is proposed in this paper. In previous studies, capacitive tactile sensors generally had an air gap between two electrodes in order to enhance the sensitivity. In this study, there is only polyurethane thin film and no air gap between the electrodes. The sensitivity of this sensor is higher than the previous capacitive tactile sen...

Unfortunately, transmission of ultrasound between the transducer and the testpiece across an air gap is very inefficient because of the large acoustic impedance mismatch between air and solid materials [1]. This means that the ultrasound is almost totally reflected at the transducer-air boundary in transmission and at the testpiece-air boundary in reception. This problem is generally overcome b...

A design of 3 dB compact ultra wideband (UWB) coupler for a 4 × 4 Butler Matrix, which is operating between 3 and 11 GHz frequency range, is presented in this paper. The proposed design uses multilayer technology that allows having a compact and broad bandwidth coupler. The design uses elliptically shaped broadside coupled strips and a slot created in a common ground plane of two dielectric sub...

E. Cho *, 1, 2 , D. Pavlidis **, 1, 2 , and E. Sillero 1 Department of High Frequency Electronics, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Merckstrasse 25, 64283 Darmstadt, Germany 2 Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2122, USA 3 Instituto de Sistemas Optoelectrónicos y Microtecnología and Department of Electronic Engineering, Un...

We calculate the Debye and Meissner masses of a gauge boson in a material consisting of two species of massless fermions that form a condensate of Cooper pairs. We perform the calculation as a function of temperature, for the cases of neutral Cooper pairs and charged Cooper pairs, and for a range of parameters including gapped quasiparticles, and ungapped quasiparticles with both quadratic and ...

The use of virtualization technologies to increase the capacity and utilization of laboratory resources is widely used in classroom environments using several workstation based virtualization products. These virtual networks are often “air gapped” to prevent the inadvertent release of malware. This implementation however requires users to be in the classroom. A novel extension on this concept i...

Due to their small collecting volume, diodes are commonly used in small field dosimetry. However, the relative sensitivity of a diode increases with decreasing small field size. Conversely, small air gaps have been shown to cause a significant decrease in the sensitivity of a detector as the field size is decreased. Therefore, this study uses Monte Carlo simulations to look at introducing air u...