Limited data suggest that outdoor air pollution (such as ambient air pollution or traffic-related air pollution) and indoor air pollution (such as second-hand smoking and biomass fuel combustion exposure) are associated with the development of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), but there is insufficient evidence to prove a causal relationship at this stage. It also appears that outdo...

Background and aims: Air pollution is one of the health problems worldwide. Previous epidemiological studies have investigated the impacts of air pollution on respiratory and cardiovascular diseases. The aim of this study was to determine the associations between air pollution levels and different health indicators among world countries. Methods: This eco...

After examining the properties of several alternative forms of marketable permit systems for the control of air pollution, this paper proposes a system of pollution offsets as the most promising approach. Under the pollution-offset scheme, sources of emissions are free to trade emissions permits subject to the constraint of no violations of the predetermined air-quality standard at any receptor...

Particulate air pollution has been shown to strongly suppress precipitation from convective clouds over land. New observations show that precipitation from similar polluted clouds over oceans is much less affected, because large sea salt nuclei override the precipitation suppression effect of the large number of small pollution nuclei. Raindrops initiated by the sea salt grow by collecting smal...

Air pollution is composed of a mixture of toxins, consisting of particles and gases emitted in large quantities from many different combustion sources, including cars and industries. A variety of anthropogenic and natural particle sources are present in ambient air. Throughout the past decade, the composition of air pollution has changed in developed countries from classical type 1 pollution, c...

Almost all the countries around world are experiencing high levels of air pollution. How does pollution impact our body in times COVID-19? Air and related climatic-environmental changes is one prime concern biggest challenge globally 21st century faced by most nations. The global this public health problem can be assessed understood from data morbidity mortality as well DALY (disability adjuste...

BACKGROUND Exposure to air pollution has adverse effects on cardiopulmonary health of adults. Exposure to air pollution in pregnancy may affect foetal development. However, the evidence of such effect remains inconsistent. We investigated the effects of exposure to air pollution during pregnancy on birth outcomes. METHODS This study, based within the Norwegian Mother and Child Cohort Study (M...

Spatial modeling of air pollution exposures is widespread in air pollution epidemiology research as a way to improve exposure assessment. However, there are key sources of exposure model uncertainty when air pollution is modeled, including estimation error and model misspecification. We examine the use of predicted air pollution levels in linear health effect models under a measurement error fr...

Scientific efforts to understand the health effects of air pollution and public policy efforts to control air pollution have a fascinating history. The early “killer smog” episodes in Meuse Valley, Belgium (1930), Donora, Pa (1948), and London, UK (1952) provided stark evidence of deleterious respiratory and cardiovascular health effects of severe air pollution exposure. This evidence motivated...

BACKGROUND Growing evidence suggests that air pollution may be a risk factor for breast cancer, but the biological mechanism remains unknown. High mammographic density (MD) is one of the strongest predictors and biomarkers of breast cancer risk, but it has yet to be linked to air pollution. We investigated the association between long-term exposure to traffic-related air pollution and MD in a p...