Background: Breast cancer is the most common cancer in females in the UK and has greater severity in patients who overexpress human epidermal growth receptor 2 (HER2) proteins in the breast tissue. Trastuzumab is a humanised monoclonal antibody and is targeted towards blocking the HER2 pathway and effectively reduces the recurrence of breast cancer and associated mortality. However, trastuzumab...

We demonstrate an integrated approach to the study of a transcriptional regulatory cascade involved in the progression of breast cancer and we identify a protein associated with disease progression. Using chromatin immunoprecipitation and genome tiling arrays, whole genome mapping of transcription factor-binding sites was combined with gene expression profiling to identify genes involved in the...

For air-to-ground cellular systems with no frequency reuse, we provide an analysis of the inter-cell interference under 3D hexagonal cell planning and a line of sight channel model with no shadowing assumptions. Based on this model, we derive approximate bounds for the inter to intra-cell interference ratio for the air-to-ground link. In addition, we provide upper bounds on the interference and...

Objective: The aim of this study was to determine whether the suggested threshold ADC measurements can be used to characterize benign and malignant breast lesions. Materials and Methods: Sixty two female patients between the ages of 15-64 years (mean age, 44 years) with 49 benign and 25 malignant histopathologically verified breast masses were included in this study. The patients were examined ...

We conducted two-dimensional (2D) discrete Fourier analyses of the spatial variation in refractive index of the spongy medullary keratin from four di¡erent colours of structurally coloured feather barbs from three species of bird: the rose-faced lovebird, Agapornis roseicollis (Psittacidae), the budgerigar, Melopsittacus undulatus (Psittacidae), and the Gouldian ¢nch, Poephila guttata (Estrildi...

Photon scattering angular distributions from various animal tissues were measured at two energies of a monochromatic synchrotron x-ray beam. Two plastics and human breast tissue were also measured. From these two measurements, the molecular coherent scattering form factor of each material was extracted. A new data analysis technique that uses Monte Carlo based corrections for air scattering, in...

Induction of apoptosis by DNA-damaging agents involves the activation of mitochondrial apoptotic pathway. Aven has been identified as an antiapoptotic protein and has been shown to activate ATM in response to DNA damage. In this study, we demonstrated that enforced expression of Aven blocks UV-irradiation-, SN-38- or cisplatin-induced apoptosis upstream of mitochondria by stabilising Bcl-xL pro...

BACKGROUND In the absence of definitive data about the natural history of DCIS the appropriateness of describing DCIS as cancer is controversial. METHODS We conducted a survey amongst British Breast Group (BBG) members, to determine which descriptions of DCIS were deemed most accurate and appropriate. RESULTS 54/73 (74%) attendees completed the survey: A majority (34/54; 63%) said they woul...