Enhanced negative volume dependence of airway resistance is associated with bronchoconstriction in tracheostomized paralysed open-chest animals. Significant upper airways responses may be associated with bronchoconstriction and could thereby alter the pattern of volume dependence in spontaneously breathing subjects. The aim of the study was to test whether volume dependence of respiratory resis...

BACKGROUND Several publications have reported the successful, safe use of Laryngeal Mask Airway (LMA)-Classic devices in patients undergoing laparoscopic surgery. However, there have been no studies that have examined the application of volume-controlled ventilation (VCV) or pressure-controlled ventilation (PCV) using a LMA during gynecological laparoscopy. The aim of this study is to compare h...

Work of breathing (WOB) increases during general anesthesia in adults, but such information has been limited in pediatric patients. We studied WOB in 24 healthy children (mean age 2+/-1.9 yrs), during elective urogenital surgery under 1 minimum alveolar anesthetic concentration halothane-nitrous oxide anesthesia with a caudal block while breathing spontaneously. WOB was measured with an esophag...

In patients with bronchial asthma, forced expiratory flows are differently sensitive to a previous volume history. A reduced ability of a deep inhalation (DI) to dilate obstructed airways has been hypothesized to be a physiological marker for the degree of airway responsiveness and to relate to the presence and magnitude of inflammation in the lung, even in mild stable asthma. However, there ar...

BACKGROUND The insertion of suction devices through endotracheal tubes (ETTs) increases airway resistance and the subsequent suctioning may reduce airway pressures and facilitate atelectasis. The aim of this study was to investigate how airway pressures and tidal volumes change when different combinations of suction equipment and ETT sizes are used, and to what extent unfavorable effects can be...

We hypothesized that an altered effect of lung inflation on airway caliber may in part explain the isolated volume response to bronchodilators, i.e., an increase of forced vital capacity (FVC) without change in 1-s forced expiratory volume (FEV(1)). Small-airway caliber was measured by high-resolution computed tomography at functional residual capacity and total lung capacity in five chronic ob...

429 OBSTRUCTIVE SLEEP APNEA (OSA) IS A COMMON DISORDER CHARACTERIZED BY RECURRENT COLLAPSE OF THE UPPER AIRWAY LEADING TO REPETITIVE episodes of hypoxemia, hypercapnia, and arousal from sleep. Sleep-induced decrements in lung volume are believed to result in increased upper airway collapsibility and contribute to inspiratory flow limitation,1 although the exact mechanisms have not been clearly ...

BACKGROUND The present study will focus on the rationale for the use of small tidal volume with 6 cmH2O positive end expiratory pressure (PEEP) with the changes of arterial oxygen tension, plateau airway pressure, and static lung compliance during one lung ventilation for endoscopic thoracic surgery. METHODS Forty-three patients were intubated with a double-lumen endobronchial tube. After pos...

In the European Community Respiratory Health Study (ECRHS), airway responsiveness to methacholine was determined using the Mefar dosimeter protocol. Elsewhere, the 2-min tidal breathing method has become the preferred standardized method. The relationship between measurements of responsiveness by these two methods is not well established. This study measured airway responsiveness to methacholin...