Abstract Traditionally managed mesotrophic species‐rich upland hay meadows conforming to the National Vegetation Classification (NVC) MG3b are one of rarest grassland types in United Kingdom, with substantial declines botanical diversity over last 50 years. Intensive spring grazing, earlier cut dates and increases soil fertility cause a decline characteristic positive indicator species meadows,...

Yaylacılık ülkemizde önemli bir gelenek olup, bu araştırma, 2014-2015 vejetasyon döneminde, Trabzon İli Düzköy İlçesi Yaylası (Kamema)’nın yaş ot ve botanik kompozisyonları ile birlikte florası incelenmiştir. Yayla (Kamena) çayırlarının verimleri 2.450-3.275 kg da-1 arasında değişmiş ağırlık esasına göre ise % 73 buğdaygiller + 12 baklagiller 15 diğer familyalardan oluşmuştur. Yapılan floristik...

Abstract
 Aim of study: was to determine the vascular flora Ormanüstü Planning Unit (Karadeniz Technical University Education-Research and Application Forest). 
 Area The research area is under influence Euro-Siberian phytogeographical region represented with a high rate (44%, 288 taxa). Irano-Turanian Mediterranean elements are by 26 (4%) 22 taxa (3%), respectively. Totally 320 (49%)...

Background and objectives: Recurrent aphthous stomatitis (RAS) is one of the most common painful mucosal diseases seen in the oral cavity of patients. Pathogenesis and etiology of this disorder is still unclear. RAS is categorized into minor, major, and herpetiform ulcers. Ulcers classified as minor, consist more than 85% cases of RAS. The goal of this study was to review the e...