Since declaring its independence from the Soviet Union in 1991, Kyrgyzstan has undergone a substantial transition period marked by major reforms in the cultural, socio-political, legal, and economic environment. These developments have turned Kyrgyzstan into one of the most advanced investment destinations in Central Asia. Yet, Kyrgyzstan has not been able to receive the high levels of foreign ...

after collapse of the soviet :union:, south caucasus countries (azerbaijan, armenia, georgia) gained independence. this independence was associated with tensions such as ethnic and territorial disputes. these conflicts contain kharabakh, abkhazia, and south ossetia which have remained unresolved till now. the main question is why these conflicts have remained unresolved and what conditions are ...

The international campaign against the political abuse of psychiatry in the Soviet Union spanned a period of 20 years. It started roughly in the beginning of the 1970s when the Moscow-based dissident Vladimir Bukovsky sent the first documentation to the World Psychiatric Association (WPA) and ended in 1991 when the same WPA sent a mission to the Soviet Union to investigate whether the political...

Richard F. Staar, ‘Soviet Union’, in Peter F. Duignan and Alvin Rabushka, eds., The United States in the 1980s (Hoover Institute Press, 1980). 65 See in particular Sir William Hayter, Russia and the World (Taplinger, 1970). 66 Raymond L. Garthoff, ‘Soviet Views of the Interrelation of Diplomacy and Military Strategy’, Political Science Quarterly, Fall 1979. 67 During World War II, both the Unit...

In the former Soviet Union during the Khrushchev-Brezhnev era, the KGB used its forensic psychiatric institutions to brand, arbitrarily and for political reasons, large numbers of political dissidents as suffering from “schizophrenia” and “paranoid psychosis,” and then incarcerated them for long periods in “special psychiatric hospitals.” In 1976, the Soviet Union was severely censured on this ...

The aim of this paper is to explore the reactions to the Bolshevik Revolution of one group of critics from the left: those who saw it as ushering in a new form of capitalism. The controversy over state capitalism had both theoretical and practical significance. At the analytical level it presented an important test of Marx’s conception of historical materialism, which had been formulated in a l...

In this article I give some impressions of the actual treatment of people in the Soviet Union in health and in disease, basing it to a fair degree on notes made during a visit to Russia in the late summer of I939. In Britain we are justly proud of the farreaching developments in the prevention and treatment of disease which have taken place in the last I50 years. The development of industry and...

A revolutionary approach to identifying pervasive thrust areas (and their relationships) in large textual databases was applied to a compendium of assessments of applied research areas in the Former Soviet Union (FSU) generated by the Foreign Applied Sciences Assessment Center (FASAC). Related thrust areas were combined to yield the following major thrust groupings: IONOSPHERIC HEATING/ MODIFIC...