In the context of DNA computing, an operation on words, called splicing, was introduced by Head (1987), in his study on recombinant behavior of DNA molecules. Recently, a special kind of splicing, called flat splicing on strings, was considered and several properties were derived. On the other hand, in the study of modelling of distributed complex systems based on language theory, grammar syste...

The cerebellar deficit hypothesis for developmental dyslexia claims that cerebellar dysfunction causes the failures in the acquisition of visuomotor skills and automatic reading and writing skills. In people with dyslexia in the alphabetic languages, the abnormal activation and structure of the right or bilateral cerebellar lobes have been identified. Using a typical implicit motor learning tas...

This paper outlines the nature and characteristics of children’s reading disorders and considers current ideas about the definitions of dyslexia and reading comprehension impairment. We argue that reading skills show continuous variations within the population, making the diagnostic “cut-offs” used in the identification of reading disorders essentially arbitrary. We argue that there is a consid...

Perceptual discrimination between speech sounds belonging to different phoneme categories is better than that between sounds falling within the same category. This property, known as "categorical perception," is weaker in children affected by dyslexia. Categorical perception develops from the predispositions of newborns for discriminating all potential phoneme categories in the world's language...

The goal of the present study was to extend the models explaining the missing-letter effect (MLE) to an additional language and orthography, and to test the role of phonology in silent reading in Arabic. We also examined orthographic effects such as letter position and letter shape, morphological effects such as pseudo-prefixes, and phonological effects such as pronounceability. The results sho...

Through computational modeling, here we examine whether visual and task characteristics of writing systems alone can account for lateralization differences in visual word recognition between different languages without assuming influence from left hemisphere (LH) lateralized language processes. We apply a hemispheric processing model of face recognition to visual word recognition; the model imp...

An algorithm of Knuth for finding an optimal binary tree is extended in several directions to solve related problems. The first case considered is restricting the depth of the tree by some predetermined integer K, and a Kn algorithm is given. Next, for trees of degree tr, rather than binary trees, Kn log tr and n log tr algorithms are found for the restricted and nonrestricted cases, respective...

The laterality difference in the occipitotemporal region between Chinese (bilaterality) and alphabetic languages (left laterality) has been attributed to their difference in visual appearance. However, these languages also differ in orthographic transparency. To disentangle the effect of orthographic transparency from visual appearance, we trained subjects to read the same artificial script eit...

Between phonological forms and their orthographic representations a close connection can be established. Previous psycholinguistic research has amply illustrated that word recognition can be influenced by orthography (Perre & Ziegler, 2008; Taft, 2001) and that orthography plays a role in phonemic awareness (Cheung, Chen, Lai, Wong, & Hills, 2001; Tyler & Burnham, 2006). However, despite the lo...

A series of techniques is being developed to postprocess noisy, multifont, nonformatted OCR data on a word basis to 1 ) determine if a field is alphabetic or numeric; 2) verify that an alphabetic word is legitimate; 3 ) fetch from a dictionary a set of potential entries using a garbled word as a key; and 4) error-correct the garbled word by selecting the most likely dictionary word. Four algori...