In the asymmetric unit of the title hydrated salt, 2C6H6N3 (+)·SO4 (2-)·2H2O, there are two independent sulfate ions, one lying on a twofold axis, and the other in a general position. There are three independent benzotriazolium cations and three independent water mol-ecules. The sulfate ion in a general position forms hydrogen-bonded chains of stoichiometry SO4 (2-)·3H2O in the b-axis direction...

The efficiency of various polyaluminium chloride coagulants (PACls) was compared to the efficiency of aluminium sulfate (alum) in the coagulation-flocculation process preceding direct filtration in drinking water treatment. The comparative study consisted of two separate yet complementary series of experiments: the first series included short (5-7 h) and long (24 h) filter runs conducted at a p...

Hydrolysis of pyrosulfate was studied by electrochemical experiments and quantum mechanical calculations, revealing Gibbs transfer energies for pyrosulfate, hydrogen sulfate anions at the liquid-liquid interface.

The implementation of catalytic hydrogen combustion (CHC) can mitigate the dependence on solid fuel typically used in Sub-Saharan Africa as a means heating. However, low-cost and readily available materials for catalyst fabrication are relatively unexplored. Considering economic constraints regarding platinum group metals generally CHC, cost support its functionalization has to be minimized. Ty...

a mild and efficient method has been developed for the preparation of substituted coumarins from reaction of various phenols with different β-ketoesters via pechmann condensation in the presence of brønsted acidic ionic liquid (n-(4-sulfonic acid) butyl triethylammonium hydrogen sulfate) as an effective catalyst under solvent-free conditions. different phenols reacted with ethyl acetoacetate to...

a convenient and efficient direct protocol for the preparation of antibacterial azo dyes by the reaction of 2-naphthol with aromatic amines in the presence of catalytic amount of n-methyl-2-pyrrolidonium hydrogen sulfate ([h-nmp]hso4) was carried out under solvent free conditions. this method has some advantages such as: easy work-up and easy separation of catalyst from the reaction mixture. th...

a series of 2-amino pyridine-3-carbinitrile derivatives incorporated coumarin moiety has developed via multicomponent condensation of 3-acetyl-2h-chromen-2-one, arylaldehydes, malononitrile and ammonium acetate utilizing brønsted acidic ionic liquid, (4-sulfobutyl)tris(4-sulfophenyl)phosphonium hydrogen sulfate as catalyst under solvent-free conditions. good yields, short reaction times, straig...

To develop a better understanding of respiration by sulfate-reducing bacteria, we examined transcriptional control of respiratory genes during growth with lactate or hydrogen as an electron donor. RNA extracts of Desulfovibrio desulfuricans subsp. aestuarii were analyzed by using random arbitrarily primed PCR. RNA was reverse transcribed under low-stringency conditions with a set of random prim...

The Opalinus Clay formation will host geological nuclear waste repositories in Switzerland. It is expected that gas pressure will build-up due to hydrogen production from steel corrosion, jeopardizing the integrity of the engineered barriers. In an in situ experiment located in the Mont Terri Underground Rock Laboratory, we demonstrate that hydrogen is consumed by microorganisms, fuelling a mic...

The PAQUES Bio Systems’ core technology, marketed under the name THIOPAQ, consists of various high-rate biological processes for metal-sulfur-water systems, complemented with common solid/liquid and gas separation steps. Sulfur species are converted to sulfide, which is a valuable component as it can be used for metals reduction and precipitation. Selective recovery of valuable metals can be em...