The need for direct memory manipulation through pointers is essential in many applications. However, it is also commonly understood that the use (or probably misuse) of pointers is often a rich source of program errors. Therefore, approaches that can effectively enforce safe use of pointers in programming are highly sought after. ATS is a programming language with a type system rooted in a rece...

CONTEXT In animals, repeated exposure to stimulant drugs leads to an enhanced drug-induced psychomotor response and increased dopamine release. This phenomenon, known as sensitization, may confer vulnerability to drug addiction or drug-induced psychosis in humans. A similar phenomenon, referred to as endogenous sensitization, is also believed to play a role in the emergence of positive symptoms...

Traditional activity measures do not provide a clear discrimination between mouse behavior in novel environment or under various psychomotor stimulants like d-amphetamine [1]. We propose a new approach based on machine learning. A decision tree classifier is trained on a set of mouse trajectories. Only xand ycoordinates are currently used. After classifier is trained, the classification can be ...

"Cinkara", a polyherbal preparation reduced pentobarbitone induced hypnosis in mice, decreased apomorphine induced fighting, aggression and stereotypy and increased amphetamine induced aggregated toxicity in mice. It also increased immobility of rats in forced swimming test, an action which was not blocked by chlor-promazine, and increased ambulation in open arena test. It did not modify electr...

BACKGROUND HIV prevalence remains high in Cambodia among female entertainment and sex workers (FESW), and amphetamine-type stimulant (ATS) use significantly increases risk of infection. A successful continuum of care (CoC) is key to effective clinical care and prevention. This study aimed to describe the HIV CoC in HIV-positive FESW. We examined CoC outcomes among HIV-positive FESW participatin...

BACKGROUND This study aimed to compare olanzapine and haloperidol efficacies in the treatment of acute psychiatric symptoms due to amphetamine-type stimulants (ATSs). METHODS The Zelen II design method was used; 124 patients with acute mental disorders due to amphetamine were randomly divided into olanzapine group (n = 63) and haloperidol group (n = 61). Then, a 4-week open-label medical ther...

We investigated the simultaneous chiral separation of nine amphetamine type stimulants (dl-norephedrine, dl-norpseudoephedrine, dl-ephedrine, dl-pseudoephedrine, dl-amphetamine, dl-methamphetamine, dl-methylenedioxyamphetamine (MDA), dl-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA), and dl-methylenedioxyethylamphetamine (MDEA)) by capillary electrophoresis using highly sulfated gamma-cyclodextrin (SU(XI...

The pharmacologic treatment of attentiondeficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) generally involves the use of stimulant medications. Stimulants have been used for decades and have a long history of being safe and effective treatments. One significant limitation until recently has been the short time-action profile of this class of medications, requiring multiple doses to treat the child with ADHD...

Epidemiological studies have reported an increased risk of Parkinson’s disease (PD) development in amphetamine-type stimulant users during their lifetime (Garwood et al., 2006; Rumpf 2017). Protein inclusions mainly composed misfolded and aggregated α-synuclein are the pathological hallmark PD other disorders known as synucleinopathies. Molecular present evidence that amphetamine upregulates sy...

Adnexal tumors (ATs) are primary skin tumors with benign or rarely, malignant behavior. They have been classified based on differentiation towards hair follicle, sebaceous, apocrine or eccrine gland. Few large-scale studies have focused on ATs. To determine the prevalence of ATs and to assess clinical and histopathological trend of ATs. A retrospective descriptive study of all ATs diagnosed in ...