The sportsmen self-administering androgenic-anabolic agents to improve their performance and their body shape continue to be a problem. After the opening of the East European borders a large number of compounds are offered on the black market and in fitness centres. As a consequence students and children practicing no sport use these agents. Most athletes have only a crude pharmacological knowl...

The following article is a literature review of supraphysiologic doses of anabolic-androgenic steroids (AAS). This article contains a brief review of the history of AAS, the chemistry of the varying forms of AAS, and proposed mechanisms of action. The article then focuses on how AAS are used in an illicit manner by the general population. Terms such as "stacking" and "pyramiding" are discussed....

Androgenic-anabolic steroids (AAS) have been misused by athletes at the Olympic Games, both before and after they were prohibited in sport in 1974. Systematic doping with AAS occurred in the German Democratic Republic (GDR) from 1965 to 1989 which assisted that country to win many medals at Olympic Games, especially in female events. Currently, AAS are the most frequent category of prohibited s...

conclusions the findings suggest that chronic coadministration of nandrolone with moderate-intensity endurance exercise facilitates the vf occurrence in rat. complementary studies are needed to elucidate the involved mechanisms of this abnormality. results nandrolone, exercise, and their combination were associated with heart hypertrophy. exercise could prevent the incremental effect of nandrol...

Anabolic steroids remain popular among body builders and power athletes despite numerous warning about their side effects. A case of spontaneous rupture of the anterior cruciate ligament is reported in a bodybuilder taking steroids. While there are many published reports of tendon rupture associated with steroid intake, the authors could find no report relating to ligament disruption.

BACKGROUND The most common drug abuse among athletes is anabolic steroids which lead to the development of cardiovascular diseases and sudden death. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate cardiovascular outcomes of anabolic consumption in body building athletes. MATERIALS AND METHODS Totally, 267 male athletes at the range of 20-45 years old with the regular consumption of anabolic stero...

Anabolic androgenic steroids are related to the male sex hormones and are abused in equine sports. In an effort to deter the abuse of anabolic steroids, a sensitive LC-MS/MS method was developed for detection, quantification and confirmation of eight major anabolic steroids (testosterone, normethandrolone, nandrolone, boldenone, methandrostenolone, tetrahydrogestrinone (THG), trenbolone, and st...

Androgens are modulators of skeletal muscle adaptation and regeneration processes. The control of satellite cell activity is a key mechanism during this process. In this study, we analyzed the ability of dihydrotestosterone (DHT) and anabolic steroids to induce and modulate the differentiation of C2C12 myoblastoma cells toward myotubes. C2C12 cells were dose-dependently treated with DHT and ana...

Extremely low levels of 19-norandrosterone can be naturally excreted in human urine. Sensitive methods being applied for the detection and identification of anabolic agents, the International Olympic Committee safely recommended in 1998, a threshold in males and females for reporting positive results. However, as it is the case with the other androgens, which could be endogenous in human, natur...