A patterning method termed "RIPPLE" (reactive interface patterning promoted by lithographic electrochemistry) is applied to the fabrication of arrays of dielectric and metallic optical elements. This method uses cyclic voltammetry to impart patterns onto the working electrode of a standard three-electrode electrochemical setup. Using this technique and a template stripping process, periodic arr...

Membrane selective electrodes were used to determine tetryzoline hydrochloride (TZH) in pure form, pharmaceutical preparations and in biological fluids. The membrane selective electrodes include construction of water insoluble ion-association complexes. The TZH ion exchangers were formed using tetraphenyl borate (TZH-TPB), phosphomolybdic acid (TZH-PMA) and phosphotungstic acid (TZH-PTA), in a ...

A large number of carbon-based nanomaterials has been investigated as sorbents in sample preparation, including fullerenes, carbon nanotubes, nanofibers, nanohorns and graphene, as well as their functionalized forms. Taking into account their properties, carbon-based nanomaterials have found a wide range of applications in different sample preparation techniques. Ionic liquids, as an alternativ...

In the present work two selective and sensitive polyvinyl chloride matrix membrane electrodes were developed for the determination of analgin and camylofin dihydrochloride. Sensor I was developed using tetraheptylammonium bromide as an anion exchanger with 2-nitrophenyl octyl ether as a plasticizer for the determination of the anionic drug analgin. Sensor II was developed using potassium tetrak...

KEYWORDS Electrochemistry • gold • kinetics • radicals • voltammetry 2 ABSTRACT It has long been known that defects on a gold surface play an important role in electrocatalysis, but the precise mechanism has always been unclear. This work indicates that the defect sites provide partially filled d-orbitals that stabilize free-radical intermediates. Strong evidence for this hypothesis is that the...

The implications of organically-modified silica-based materials in electrochemical science is reviewed along with some selected recent trends in the field of functionalized and sol–gel silica electrochemistry. These recent trends include the electro-assisted generation of organosilica films on solid electrode surfaces, the preparation and applications of sol–gel derived composite (carbon, gold,...

Temperature dependent electrochemistry can be efficiently used to determine very different properties of the investigated system, such as thermodynamic parameters of redox processes (especially the entropy), the degeneration temperature of a protein or kinetic parameters, for instance activation energy. It can even be used in biotechnology for improved catalysis and detection of substances. Thi...

The goal of our project is to pattern well-defined electrodes from single-layer graphene for use in electrochemistry investigations. We have fabricated devices using both mechanically exfoliated graphene and chemical vapor deposition (CVD) graphene. Preliminary experimental data show that the graphene is chemically clean, based on measurements that the effective area of the electrodes determine...

Electrochemistry, biosensors and microfluidics are popular research topics that have attracted widespread attention from chemists, biologists, physicists, and engineers. Here, we introduce the basic concepts and recent histories of electrochemistry, biosensors, and microfluidics, and describe how they are combining to form new application-areas, including so-called "point-of-care" systems in wh...

Rare examples of tetrapalladated derivatives in which two flat tetradentate bridging ligands are perfectly face-to-face as a result of a remarkable ancillary ligand effect are reported.