perform this job quite admirably. Although they have not yet been isolated in pure culture, the microbes concerned and the catalytic pathway of the anammox process have been identified, largely through the efforts of Keunen, Jetten and colleagues at the University of Nijmegen. The specifics of the anammox pathway are quite remarkable, and especially startling (Fig. 1) are the highly toxic and r...

The conversion of fixed nitrogen to N2 in suboxic waters is estimated to contribute roughly a third to total oceanic losses of fixed nitrogen and is hence understood to be of major importance to global oceanic production and, therefore, to the role of the ocean as a sink of atmospheric CO2. At present heterotrophic denitrification and autotrophic anammox are considered the dominant sinks of fix...

Benthic nitrogen cycling, including nitrification, N-loss, and other transformations, plays a crucial role in the marine budget. However, studies on benthic cycling mainly focus marginal seas, while attention to deep ocean, which occupies largest area of seafloor, is severely lacking. In this study, we investigate Kuroshio Extension region (KE) northwest Pacific Ocean at water depths greater th...

Denitrification has long been regarded as the only pathway for terrestrial nitrogen (N) loss to the atmosphere. Here we demonstrate that large-scale anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox), an overlooked N loss process alternative to denitrification which bypasses nitrous oxide (N2O), is ubiquitous in inland waters of China and contributes significantly to N loss. Anammox rates in aquatic system...

Achieving nitrogen removal from domestic wastewater using anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) has the potential to make wastewater treatment energy-neutral or even energy-positive. The challenge is to suppress the growth of nitrite-oxidizing bacteria (NOB). This study presents a promising method based on intermittent aeration with low dissolved oxygen to limit NOB growth, thereby providing a...

Anammox (anaerobic ammonium oxidation) is an environment-friendly and cost-efficient nitrogen-removal process currently applied to high-ammonium-loaded wastewaters such as anaerobic digester effluents. In these wastewaters, dissolved methane is also present and should be removed to prevent greenhouse gas emissions into the environment. Potentially, another recently discovered microbial pathway,...

Denitrification and anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) are the key processes of nitrogen removal in aquaculture pond sediment. However, reaction characteristics remain unclear. In this study, considering sediment conventional freshwater fishponds as object, we set optimal conditions organic carbon, temperature, total nitrates for denitrification anammox. We found that abundance diversity de...

Abstract The prolonged start-up time and low total nitrogen removal of anammox hinder its full-scale application. Herein, application nano-zerovalent iron strength magnetic field in sole combination to abbreviate the period long-term process stability was carried out. reactor’s with only (R3) 34 days, saving 43.3% compared control. increase efficiency over control 43.7% during period. However, ...

Anammox is a cost-effective process to treat nitrogenous wastewater. In this work, excitation-emission matrix (EEM) fluorescence spectroscopy was used to characterize the intracellular and extracellular substances of anammox sludge during reactor operation of 276 days. Four main fluorophores were identified from the intracellular substances. Two main protein-like fluorophores were identified fr...