An analysis of the uncertainty in measuring the root-mean-square, rms or Rq, value of a periodic waveform which results from the use of a finite record length is presented. Even though the results of the analysis are somewhat as expected, i.e., that the uncertainty is inversely proportional to the number of periods in the record, the explicit relationship between the magnitude of the uncertaint...

This paper presents a simple Excel model that provides measures of the standard deviation of forecasted internal rate of return (IRR) given traditional data inputs such as annual cash flows, terminal values and equity. The model first calculates IRR using traditional discounted cash flow methods and then provides heuristic estimates of variability measured in terms of ‘‘high,’’ ‘‘low’’ and ‘‘mo...

The development of wind energy in developing countries has its limitations. This study adapted quantitative approaches to explore the causality relationships among these barriers. It was found that different areas of obstacles did affect one another; by barrier inference we learned that a lack of national policy caused other disorders, and that the occurrence of these disorders eventually resul...

Non-stationary random formation of stable nuclei from a small metastable system is considered. Distribution of waiting times to observe the first nucleus is examined, and it is shown that the steady-state nucleation rate is given by inverse of the standard deviation, which is independent of the post-critical size n where the nucleus is detected. The mean time, on the other hand, is n-sensitive ...

In addition to statistical significance, it is important to evaluate the magnitude of differences in health-related quality of life over time. Interest in establishing the minimal difference that is clinically important or the minimally important difference has burgeoned over the last few years. This review summarizes some of the leading approaches to estimating the minimally important differen...

We consider a single-index structure to study heteroscedasticity in regression with high-dimensional predictors. A general class of estimating equations is introduced, the resulting estimators remain consistent even when the structure of the variance function is misspecified. The proposed estimators also possess an adaptive property in an asymptotic sense. That is, they estimate the conditional...

Studies of bimanual coordination have typically estimated the stability of coordination patterns through the use of the circular standard deviation of relative phase. The interpretation of this statistic depends upon the assumption of a von Mises distribution. The present study tested this assumption by examining the distributional properties of relative phase in three bimanual coordination pat...

We study the properties of the level statistics of 1D disordered systems with long-range spatial correlations. We find a threshold value in the degree of correlations below which in the limit of large system size the level statistics follows a Poisson distribution (as expected for 1D uncorrelated-disordered systems), and above which the level statistics is described by a new class of distributi...

Studies of reaction-time distributions provide a useful quantitative approach to understand decision processes at the neural level and at the behavioral level. A strong relationship between the spread of latencies and the median is generally accepted even though there has been no attempt to disentangle experimentally these two parameters. Here we test the ability to independently control the me...