In this paper, a macro-model of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) stack is proposed. A comparative study is made by simulation for the proposed PEMFC macro-model and a reported PEMFC impedance model, which use for PEMFC dynamic a transfer function and an electrical circuit, respectively. The macro-model approximates the theoretical PEMFC current–voltage characteristic by a controll...

A SAS macro solution is presented for clustering of high dimensional low sample size (HDLLSS) data using a new algorithm based o p-values as similarity measure. The algorithm PPCLUST was developed by von Borries (2008) and implemented using SAS macro language with the macro autocall facility and window macro command for friendly interface. The SAS interface to JMP was used to run a SAS macro in...

During the development and maintenance (life-cycle) process of SAS® macros, especially while they are already used for production purposes, it is very much recommended to keep a history of changes, additions and bug fixes along with the macro version number. Archiving of the production SAS program code should include the applied macro version or at least the applied macro version number. That w...

This paper explores issues encountered when performing online management of large collections of macro-actions generated for use in planning. Existing approaches to managing collections of macro-actions are designed for use with offline macro-action learning, pruning candidate macro-actions on the basis of their effect on the performance of the planner on small training problems. In this paper ...

There are a number of programmable macro systems such as Lisp’s. While they can handle complex program transformation, they still have difficulty in handling some kinds of transformation typical in object-oriented programming. This paper examines this problem and, to address it, presents an advanced macro system based on ideas borrowed from reflection. Unlike other macro systems, our macro syst...

An attempt to use the Times macro, [2], was the origin of writing this article. First, the semantics of the macro composition as developed in [23, 3, 4] is extended to the case of macro instructions which are not always halting. Next, several functors extending the memory handling for SCMFSA, [18], are defined; they are convenient when writing more complicated programs. After this preparatory w...

Up to now, many properties of macro instructions of SCMFSA are described by the parahalting concepts. However, many practical programs are not always halting while they are halting for initialization states. For this reason, we propose initialization halting concepts. That a program is initialization halting (called ”InitHalting” for short) means it is halting for initialization states.In order...