Why is Artificial Intelligence concerned with metaphor, and what special contributions can AI offer to metaphor research? This chapter will indicate why AI needs to study metaphor and will outline what AI has been contributing to the illumination of metaphor, whether it is processed by artefacts or by the human mind. Specific contributions AI research on metaphor that one can already point to, ...

cognitive science has found out that languages typically make use of conceptual metaphors to concretize abstract meanings. conceptual metaphor explains a target domain which is abstract via a source domain which is concrete. in other words, conceptual metaphor compares an abstract domain with a concrete one and thus makes it understandable for listeners/readers. this article studies the concept...

Metaphor is a cognitive phenomenon exhibited in language, where one conceptual domain (the target) is thought of in terms of another (the source). The first level of metaphor interpretation is the mapping of linguistic metaphors to pairs of source and target concepts. Based on the abductive approach to metaphor interpretation proposed by Hobbs (1992) and implemented in the open-source Metaphor-...

We present an approach to mining online forums for figurative language such as metaphor. We target in particular online discussions within the illness and the political conflict domains, with a view to constructing corpora of Metaphor in Illness Discussion, and Metaphor in Political Conflict Discussion. This paper reports on our ongoing efforts to combine manual and automatic detection strategi...

This paper presents a maximum entropy (ME)-based model for Chinese noun phrase metaphor recognition. The metaphor recognizing process will be viewed as a classification task between metaphor and literal meaning. Our experiments show that the metaphor recognizer based on the ME method is significantly better than the Example-based methods within the same context windows. In addition, performance...

Metaphor understanding in Computational Linguistics has largely been focused on the development of stand-alone prototypes for which only small-scale evaluations are carried out. This has made difficult the inclusion of metaphor in the development of natural language processing applications. However, dealing with metaphor properly is ultimately crucial for any automated language technology that ...

The AHRC-funded ‘Mapping Metaphor with the Historical Thesaurus’ project has traced the development of metaphor in English from Anglo-Saxon times to the present day using the unique evidence base of the Historical Thesaurus of the Oxford English Dictionary. The Historical Thesaurus organises the contents of the OED semantically, making it possible to see how vocabulary for any given concept has...

The met* method distinguishes selected examples of metonymy from metaphor and from literalness and anomaly in short English sentences. In the met* method, literalness is distinguished because it satisfies contextual constraints that the nonliteral others all violate. Metonymy is discriminated from metaphor and anomaly in a way that [1] supports Lakoff and Johnson's (1980) view that in metonymy ...

Metaphor and analogy are cognitive tools which, in serving specific communicative goals and descriptive needs, are subject to a host of pragmatic pressures. Knowing that these pressures will shape the interpretation of a given metaphor, an effective communicator will exploit them to structure the conceptual content of the metaphor in such a way as to maximise its perceived aptness and argumenta...

In this paper we propose a new role for the agent metaphor in the definition of the organizational structure of multiagent systems. The agent metaphor is extended to consider as agents also social entities like organizations, groups and normative systems, so that mental attitudes can be attributed to them beliefs, desires and goals and also an autonomous and proactive behavior. We show how the ...