Relationships between proto-fuzzy concepts, crisply generated fuzzy concepts, and pattern structures are considered. It is shown that proto-fuzzy concepts are closely related to crisply generated fuzzy concepts in the sense that the mappings involved in the definitions coincide for crisp subsets of attributes. Moreover, a proto-fuzzy concept determines a crisp subset of attributes, which genera...

Dominique Unruh1 and Jörn Müller-Quade2 1 Saarland University 2 Karlsruhe Institute of Te hnology (KIT) Abstra t. We present the UC/ framework, a general de nition for se ure and in oer ible multi-party proto ols. Our framework allows to model arbitrary rea tive proto ol tasks (by spe ifying an ideal fun tionality) and omes with a universal omposition theorem. We show that given natural setup a...

We have investigated the expression of the dbl protooncogene in a wide variety of human tumors of different embryological derivation. We found that proto-dbl mRNA could be detected preferentially in a few neoplastic histiotypes of neuroectodermal origin. The common, normal 5-kilobase size of the proto-dbl transcript detected indicated that the proto-dbl in these tumors was not rearranged. These...

Hereditary medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) is caused by autosomal dominant gain-of-function mutations in the RET proto-oncogene. Associations between specific RET mutations (genotype) and the aggressiveness of MTC and presence or absence of other endocrine neoplasms (phenotype) are well documented. Mutations in six exons (10, 11, 13, 14, 15, and 16) located in either cysteine-rich or tyrosine...

During the late stage of terrestrial planet formation, hit-and-run collisions are about as common accretionary mergers, for expected velocities and angles giant impacts. Average hit-and-runs leave two major remnants plus debris: target impactor, somewhat modified through erosion, escaping at lower relative velocity. Here we continue our study dynamical effects such collisions. We compare fates ...

Tumour progression involves the inactivation of tumour suppressor genes and the activation of proto-oncogenes. Inactivation of both copies of a tumour suppressor gene is required for carcinogenesis, while germline deletion or inactivation of one copy results in an increase in the risk of cancer and is responsible for many of the known hereditary cancer syndromes. In contrast, activation of only...

This paper discusses the role of interactional and cognitive mechanisms in emergence (proto)linguistic structures evolution (proto)language(s). Both social, interactive nature human communication timescale have received increasing attention investigations how structure emerges language. has also led to an focus on involved dialogic co-construction meaning interaction. These include ad hoc const...