BACKGROUND Anesthesia impairs upper airway integrity, but recent data suggest that low doses of some anesthetics increase upper airway dilator muscle activity, an apparent paradox. The authors sought to understand which anesthetics increase or decrease upper airway dilator muscle activity and to study the mechanisms mediating the effect. METHODS The authors recorded genioglossus electromyogra...

PURPOSE Endophthalmitis is a rare complication of intravitreal injection (IVI). It is recommended that povidone-iodine be the last agent applied before IVI. Patients have reported povidone-iodine application to be the most bothersome part of IVIs. Topical anesthetics have been demonstrated to have antibacterial effects. This study compared the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of topical a...

Remimazolam, a novel, ultra-short-acting intravenous anesthetics, belongs to the benzodiazepine class of drugs and was approved for as general anesthetic. Its pharmacological action is similar that midazolam. However, differences in metabolic pathway pharmacokinetic profiles its metabolites contribute faster offset remimazolam than The context-sensitive half time (CSHT) short 6.8 ± 2.4 min. An ...

The effect of volatile anesthetics, halothane, isoflurane, and enflurane on reconstituted light-harvesting 1 complex (LH1) with zinc substituted bacteriochlorophyll a (ZnBChl a) (LH1/ ZnBChl a complex) assembled in n-octyl-h-glucopyranoside (OG) micelle and lipid bilayers was examined. Interestingly, the effect of volatile anesthetics depended on the structures of the LH1 complex, the anestheti...

Background: Tonsillectomy is one of the most common surgeries performed by an otolaryngologist, with post operative pain during initial 24 hours being challenging concerns. This makes it a need to find suitable mode for managing imperative. study aims to: assess control ropivacaine 0.25% and bupivacaine which among these two drugs are better in controlling safer. Methods: The 70 patients were s...