The function of the three semicircular canals of the vertebrate labyrinth which are situated in three approximately perpendiailar planes is the detection of angular accelerations. Because of the inertia of the liquid (endolymph) in the membranous canal a fluid current is set up in the endolymph by angular acceleration. This endolymph current displaces the cupula in the ampulla. The cupula-senso...

The turtle papilla neglecta (PN) is a small organ lying in the ventrolateral utricular wall between the posterior crista (PC) and the utriculosaccular foramen. Innervated by a branch of the posterior ampullary nerve, the organ is covered by a cupula extending only a small distance into the endolymphatic space. Although most rotation-sensitive units in the posterior division of the eighth nerve ...

in this paper, the problem of finite time stabilization for guidance system is investigated and a novel nonlinear guidance law against maneuvering targets is proposed based on the principles of parallel navigation. the proposed law is developed using two variable structure control techniques. by applying finite time integral sliding mode and combining it with terminal sliding mode, a new guidan...

In a stationary axisymmetric spacetime, the angular velocity of a stationary observer that Fermi-Walker transports its acceleration vector is also the angular velocity that locally extremizes the magnitude of the acceleration of such an observer, and conversely if the spacetime is also symmetric under reversing both t and φ together. Thus a congruence of Nonrotating Acceleration Worldlines (NAW...

Burst locomotion is thought to be closely linked to an organism's ability to survive and reproduce. During the burst, animals start from a standstill and then rapidly accelerate to near-maximum running speeds. Many previous studies have described the functional predictors of maximum running speed; however, only recently has work emerged that describes the morphological, functional and biomechan...

Errors compensation of micromachined-inertial-measurement-units (MIMU) is essential in practical applications. This paper presents a new compensation method using a neural-network-based identification for MIMU, which capably solves the universal problems of cross-coupling, misalignment, eccentricity, and other deterministic errors existing in a three-dimensional integrated system. Using a neura...

In cycling, the pedalling technique is determined mostly by variations in the torque applied to the pedals during crank rotation. We developed and validated a method to compute these variations from the pedalling motion using an ergometer. The torque at the pedal is the sum of the torques needed to overcome all resistive forces and the torque required for any changes of angular momentum of the ...

The objective of this study was to quantify the effects of ground surface motion on the biomechanical responses of a person performing a lifting task. A boat motion simulator (BMS) was built to provide a sinusoidal ground motion (simultaneous vertical linear translation and a roll angular displacement) that simulates the deck motion on a small fishing boat. Sixteen participants performed liftin...

BACKGROUND Movement alterations are often reported in individuals with back pain. However the mechanisms behind these movement alterations are not well understood. A commonly cited mechanism is pain. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of pain reduction, from oral analgesia, on lumbar kinematics in individuals with acute and chronic low back pain. METHODS A prospective, cross-...