Adulteration of milk with other additives resembling in physico-chemical properties can be done. Vegetable oils, hydrogenated fats, animal body fats and their blends have been reported as adulterants in milk and milk fat products. The scientists at Gujarat Agriculture University, Anand worked on detection of vegetable oils in milk and milk fat by a rapid method. The elevation of butyrorefractom...

Supplementing ruminant animal diets with fat has been investigated as a means to influence a variety of physiological processes or to alter fatty acid composition of food products derived from ruminant animals. Several digestion experiments have been conducted with beef cattle and sheep to elucidate the effects of supplemental fat on utilization of other dietary components. Negative associative...

The objective of the present review was to examine the potential association between animal fat intake and breast cancer. We conducted a meta-analysis and review of epidemiological cohort studies, including data reported in the Pooling Project publication of Prospective Studies of Diet and Cancer. Random- and fixed-effects models were utilised to generate summary relative risk estimates (SRRE),...

BACKGROUND Waste animal fat is a promising feedstock to replace vegetable oil that widely used in commercial biodiesel process, however the high content of free fatty acid in waste fat makes it unfeasible to be processed with commercial base-catalytic process. Enzymatic process is preferable to convert waste fat into biodiesel since enzyme can catalyze both esterification of free fatty acid and...

After the discovery that trans fat increases the risk of coronary heart disease, trans fat content of foods have considerably changed. The aim of this study was to systematically review available data on intakes of trans fat and its dietary sources in general populations worldwide. Data from national dietary surveys and population studies published from 1995 onward were searched via Scopus and ...

The factors that control fat deposition in adipose tissues are poorly understood. It is known that visceral adipose tissues display a range of biochemical properties that distinguish them from adipose tissues of subcutaneous origin. However, we have little information on gene expression, either in relation to fat deposition or on interspecies variation in fat deposition. The first step in this ...

In addressing the topic of “The Relationship of Animal Leanness to Meat Tenderness,” I think it is extremely important to establish how much variability in tenderness exists and the extent to which the lack of tenderness is a problem. In addition, it is important to establish a definition or description of “animal leanness.” Carcasses may be lean because animals were fed beta-agonists, injected...

Ingestion of different nutrients, such as fats and sugars, normally produces different effects on physiology, the brain, and behavior. However, they do share certain neural pathways for reinforcement of behavior, including the mesolimbic dopamine (DA) system. When these nutrients are consumed in the form of binges, this can release excessive DA, which causes compensatory changes that are compar...

CONTEXT High intakes of fat and specific fatty acids, including total, animal, saturated, polyunsaturated, and trans-unsaturated fats, have been postulated to increase breast cancer risk. OBJECTIVE To determine whether intakes of fat and fatty acids are associated with breast cancer. DESIGN AND SETTING Cohort study (Nurses' Health Study) conducted in the United States beginning in 1976. P...