s: A number of ways in which mathematics is used in geography are mentioned. Plane Euclidean geometry is used in surveying small areas in the field, while spherical geometry and trigonometry are required in the construction of map projections, both traditional elements of mathematical geography. In the newer applications of mathematics to geography, topology is being used increasingly in the sp...

Time geography is a constraints-oriented approach to understanding human activities in space and time. Time geography recognizes that humans have fundamental spatial and temporal limitations: people can physically only be in one place at a time and activities occur at a sparse set of places for limited durations. Participating in an activity requires allocating scarce available time to access a...

In economic geography the notion of the network has come to play a critical role in a range of debates. Yet, networks hardly are construed in an explicit fashion but rather are assumed as some sort of more enduring social relations. This paper seeks to foreground these implicit assumptions – and their limitations – by tracing the selective engagement of economic geography with network approache...

Medical geography and epidemiology share the common goal of understanding disease processes and improving methods of health interventions. While they share a common history, the fields have diverged and developed different, often complementary, approaches to the same types of problems. Medical geography differs from epidemiology in its underlying focus on applying the concepts and methods of ge...

This paper explores the role of geography in economic development and demographic transition. It presents a growth model where survival is endogenously determined and where the odds of survival and the returns to labor are higher in geographically favorable regions. Higher life expectancy prompts parents to devote more of their resources to old-age consumpion and enjoyment. Consequently, they i...