during a survey of plant-parasitic nematodes in bamyan and mazar sharif provinces of afghanistan, several species of plant-parasitic nematodes belonging to infraorder tylenchomorpha were detected and identified. filenchus facultativus; filenchus discrepans; filenchus elegantulus; boleodorus volutus; neopsilenchus magnidens; coslenchus costatus; ditylenchus myceliophagus; tylenchorhynchus clarus...

In many animal species, whiskers are an important sensory modality. Rats for example navigate, explore and recognize objects by actively whisking them, seals even use them to hunt in murky water. Whiskers also make an excellent model system for biologists due to their well defined anatomy. Recently, whiskers have also attracted an increasing interest by roboticists. We have built an artificial ...

This study describes the fabrication of two types of multilayered coatings onto titanium by electrostatic self-assembly (ESA), using deoxyribosenucleic acid (DNA) as the anionic polyelectrolyte and poly-d-lysine (PDL) or poly(allylamine hydrochloride) (PAH) as the cationic polyelectrolyte. Both coatings were characterized using UV-vis spectrophotometry, atomic force microscopy (AFM), X-ray phot...

In typical cultured animal cells, mitochondria exist in shapes ranging from long interconnected tubules, often clustered in the perinuclear region of the cell, to small spherical forms in the cell periphery. However, mitochondrial appearance at any given moment in time is only a snapshot of dynamic change of morphology, which may or may not be the same in future observations dependent on the st...

Most studies of adaptive radiations focus on morphological aspects of differentiation, yet behavior is also an important component of evolutionary diversification, often mediating the relationship between animal ecology and morphology. In species within radiations that are convergent in ecology and morphology, we then also expect convergence in behavior. Here, we examined 13 Anolis lizard speci...

Mitochondria maintain a web-shaped network in cells through a balance between fusion and fission. Under certain physiological and pathological conditions, this balance is breached, and as a result, change in mitochondrial morphology ensues. Real-time monitoring of such change is of significant importance for studying mitochondrial physiology and pathology, such as apoptosis, aging, and neurodeg...

Octopuses have a unique flexible body and unusual morphology, but nevertheless they are undoubtedly a great evolutionary success. They compete successfully with vertebrates in their ecological niche using a rich behavioral repertoire more typical of an intelligent predator which includes extremely effective defensive behavior--fast escape swimming and an astonishing ability to adapt their shape...

In typical cultured animal cells, mitochondria exist in shapes ranging from long interconnected tubules, often clustered in the perinuclear region of the cell, to small spherical forms in the cell periphery. However, mitochondrial appearance at any given moment in time is only a snapshot of dynamic change of morphology, which may or may not be the same in future observations dependent on the st...

Large-diameter ichnofossils comprising three morphotypes have been identified in the Upper Triassic Ischigualasto and Los Colorados formations of northwestern Argentina. These burrows add to the global record of the early appearance of fossorial behavior during early Mesozoic time. Morphotypes 1 and 2 are characterized by a network of tunnels and shafts that can be assigned to tetrapod burrows ...