This paper addresses the problem of testing simple hypotheses about the mean of a bivariate normal distribution with identity covariance matrix against restricted alternatives. The LRTs and their power functions for such types of hypotheses are derived. Furthermore, through some elementary calculus, it is shown that the power function of the LRT satisfies certain monotonicity and symmetry p...

The 7th Amendment to the EU's Cosmetic Directive (now recast as Regulation 1223/2009) bans the testing of cosmetic ingredients and products on animals, effective 2009. An extension until 2013 was granted, for marketing purposes only, for three endpoints: repeated dose, toxicokinetics, and reproductive toxicity. If the European Commission determines that alternatives for these endpoints are not ...

COLIPA (the European Federation of the Cosmetics Industry) represents 24 international companies and 2000 small and medium-sized enterprises. Together with ECVAM, COLIPA has been involved in the development and validation of alternative methods since the beginning of the validation efforts. The work of the Steering Committee on Alternatives to Animal Testing (SCAAT) is based on collaboration be...

Almost a decade after the stipulated deadline in 7th amendment to EU Cosmetics Directive, which bans marketing of animal-tested cosmetics from 2013, animal experimentation for cosmetic-related purposes remains topic animated debate. Cosmetic industry continues be scrutinised practice, despite its leading role funding and adopting innovation this field. This paper aims provide state-of-the-art r...

ABSTRACT 1 ........................................................................................................................................ 3 Review of 1999 International Conference on Alternatives to Animal Challenge Tests in the Batch Control of Leptospira Vaccines for Veterinary Use Lukas Bruckner, Institute of Virology and Immunoprophylaxis (IVI), Mittelhäusern, Switzerland1 ..........

The use of animals in science is a contentious issue, with opinions from scientists, teachers, animal protectionists, and the public either to support animal experimentation or to reject/minimize it (Pawlik, 1998; Giridharan, 2000; Greek and Greek, 2010; Greek, 2012). The main purposes of animal experiments are for: basic biological knowledge; fundamental medical research; the discovery and dev...

Investigators often ask statisticians how many observations they should make (fortunately, usually before the study begins). To be answerable, this question needs fuller formulation. There is a resemblance to the question, How much money should I take when I go on vacation? Fuller information is needed there too. How long a vacation? Where? With whom? Three questions need to be answered before ...

We examined the use of in vitro (including in silico) techniques in preclinical safety testing by the pharmaceutical industry between 1980 and 2013 to determine patterns, drivers and challenges in uptake. Data were collected via a survey sent to the Association of the British Pharmaceutical Industry (ABPI) member companies from the Nonclinical and Biological Discovery Expert Network (NaBDEN) re...

This study investigates the in vitro effect of eleven thyroid-active compounds known to affect pituitary and/or thyroid weights in vivo, using the proliferation of GH3 rat pituitary cells in the so-called "T-screen," and of FRTL-5 rat thyroid cells in a newly developed test denoted "TSH-screen" to gain insight into the relative value of these in vitro proliferation tests for an integrated testi...