Until this year, Citigroup was the only $1 trillion banking organization in the U.S. Now, there are two more—Bank of America has merged with FleetBoston, and J.P. Morgan Chase is about to complete its merger with Bank One.These megamergers are notable not only for their size but also for the geographic scope that the new institutions will serve. Indeed, they may signal the beginning of a proces...

An operational domain-independent decision-aiding system for situation assessment tasks is described. The system elicits the user's perception of a given situation through a stylized English dialogue and focuses the user's attention on the issue of highest relevancy. Elicited problems are structured as networks where nodes represent variables and directed links represent causal relationships. T...

In this paper, we outline a strategy for successful consolidation of fragmented industries. As background, we present a historical review of waves of consolidation, focusing on the era of industry moguls and the rise and fall of conglomerates. We follow with an analysis of the current boom in consolidation-related mergers & acquisitions, including a profile of the most active participants. We t...

The goal of this study was to investigate offline memory consolidation with regard to general motor skill learning and implicit sequence-specific learning. We trained young adults on a serial reaction time task with a retention interval of either 24 hours (Experiment 1) or 1 week (Experiment 2) between two sessions. We manipulated sequence complexity (deterministic vs. probabilistic) and motor ...

Consolidation is the progressive postacquisition stabilization of long-term memory. The term is commonly used to refer to two types of processes: synaptic consolidation, which is accomplished within the first minutes to hours after learning and occurs in all memory systems studied so far; and system consolidation, which takes much longer, and in which memories that are initially dependent upon ...

The relationship between memory consolidation and reconsolidation at the molecular level is poorly understood. Here, we identify three immediate-early genes that are differentially regulated in the mouse hippocampus after contextual fear conditioning and reactivation of the context-shock memory: serum- and glucocorticoid-induced kinase 1 (SGK1), SGK3, and nerve growth factor-inducible gene B (N...

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Conscious memory for a new experience is initially dependent on information stored in both the hippocampus and neocortex. Systems consolidation is the process by which the hippocampus guides the reorganization of the information stored in the neocortex such that it eventually becomes independent of the hippocampus. Early evidence for systems consolidation was provided by studies of retrograde a...