has been approved by the Examining Committee for the thesis requirement for the Doctor of Philosophy degree in Physics at the May 2015 graduation. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I extend my sincere gratitude to my advisor Robert Merlino for his invaluable guidance, support, and discussions throughout my graduate education. I would also like to thank Su-Hyun Kim and Jonathan Heinrich for their assistance, men...

The operation and accumulation of liquid water within the cell structure of a polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) with a dead-ended anode is observed using neutron imaging. The measurements are performed on a single cell with 53 square centimeter active area, Nafion 111-IP membrane and carbon cloth Gas Diffusion Layer (GDL). Even though dry hydrogen is supplied to the anode via press...

The upflow microbial fuel cell (MFC) system with membrane-free air-cathode was developed, and landfill leachate as fuel. The anode was made of stainless steel mesh filled with activated carbon, and carbon felt as the cathode. Electricity production performance of MFC with cylindrical stainless steel mesh anode filled with 0 (unfilled), 1mm, and 3mm cylindrical activated carbon particles was inv...

A general X-ray tube has two electrodes, the cathode and the anode, with a high voltage applied between them. Electrons are generated at the cathode. After the electrons are emitted from the cathode they are accelerated by the high voltage toward the anode (positive) electrode. The high speed electrons hitting the anode material then generate invisible radiation i.e. X-rays. The energy spectrum...

In this paper we report on a lithium ion battery (LIB) based on improved olivine lithium iron phosphate/carbon (LiFePO4/C) as cathode material and LiNa0.02K0.01FePO4/C  synthesized by sol-gel method and TiO2 nanotube arrays (TNAs) with an anatase phasesynthesized through anodization of Ti foil as an anode electrode. Crystallographic structure and surface morphology of the cathode and anode mate...

Microbial fuel cell and microbial electrolysis cell are two major types of microbial electrochemical cells. In the present study, we governed modeling of these systems by concentrating on the simulation of bioelectrochemical reactions in both biofilm and anolyte and considering the effect of pH on the microbial growth. The simulation of microbial fuel and electrolysis cells can be described by ...

PEMFC operation with dead-ended anode has inherent transient behavior: the cell operates between purge cycles that replenish fuel and discharge accumulated gases, such as nitrogen and water vapor, and liquid water. During the operation when the anode exit is shut, gases that cross-over from the cathode accumulate and stratify in the anode channels above the liquid water when the gravity is acti...