نتایج جستجو برای: anthropogenic factor

تعداد نتایج: 867506  

2009
U. Lohmann

Aerosols affect the climate system by changing cloud characteristics. Using the global climate model ECHAM5-HAM, we investigate different aerosol effects on mixed-phase clouds: The glaciation effect, which refers to a more frequent glaciation due to anthropogenic aerosols, versus the de-activation effect, which suggests that ice nuclei become less effective because of an anthropogenic sulfate c...

Journal: :Molecular ecology 2016
Catalina Gonzalez-Quevedo Richard G Davies Karl P Phillips Lewis G Spurgin David S Richardson

Understanding the spatial scale at which selection acts upon adaptive genetic variation in natural populations is fundamental to our understanding of evolutionary ecology, and has important ramifications for conservation. The environmental factors to which individuals of a population are exposed can vary at fine spatial scales, potentially generating localized patterns of adaptation. Here, we c...

2004
Carmen M. Benkovitz Stephen E. Schwartz Michael P. Jensen Mark A. Miller R. C. Easter Timothy S. Bates

[1] A high-resolution (1 1 , 27 vertical levels) Eulerian chemical transport and transformation model for sulfate, SO2, and related species driven by analyzed forecast meteorological data has been run for the Northern Hemisphere for June–July 1997 and extensively evaluated with observational data, mainly from air quality and precipitation chemistry networks. For 5000 evaluations, 50% of the mod...

2008
B. Wehner W. Birmili F. Ditas Z. Wu M. Hu X. Liu J. Mao N. Sugimoto A. Wiedensohler

The Chinese capital Beijing is one of the global megacities where the effects of rapid economic growth have led to complex air pollution problems that are not well understood. In this study, ambient particle number size distributions in Beijing between 2004 and 2006 are analysed as a function of regional meteorological transport. An essential result is that the particle size distribution in Bei...

Journal: :journal of tethys 0

an increase in heavy metal pollution in the soils of arak due to industrialization and urbanization has become an environmental problem. the region hosts several industrial facilities which are the main source for hazardous wastes which include electric, metal, automotive supply industry, food, machinery, and chemicals. soil samples were collected from these industrial areas in the central and ...

2011
Yuyu Zhou Qihao Weng Kevin R. Gurney Yanmin Shuai Xuefei Hu

This paper examined the relationship between remotely sensed anthropogenic heat discharge and energy use from residential and commercial buildings across multiple scales in the city of Indianapolis, Indiana, USA. The anthropogenic heat discharge was estimated with a remote sensing-based surface energy balance model, which was parameterized using land cover, land surface temperature, albedo, and...

Journal: :زمین شناسی اقتصادی 0
فاطمه هرمزی نژاد فاطمه راست منش علیرضا زراسوندی

introduction soil plays a vital role in human life as the very survival of mankind is tied to the preservation of soil productivity (kabata- pendies and mukherjee, 2007). the purpose of this study is the assessment of heavy metal contamination (zn, mn, pb, fe, ni, cr) of the soil around the khuzestan steel complex. materials and methods for this purpose, 13 surface soil samples (0-10 cm) were t...

2009
Reiner Steinfeldt Monika Rhein John L. Bullister Toste Tanhua

[1] The oceans absorb and store a significant portion of anthropogenic CO2 emissions, but large uncertainties remain in the quantification of this sink. An improved assessment of the present and future oceanic carbon sink is therefore necessary to provide recommendations for long-term global carbon cycle and climate policies. The formation of North Atlantic Deep Water (NADW) is a unique fast tr...

2013
Richard S.J. Tol Francisco Estrada

Estimates of the impacts of observed climate change during the 20th century obtained by different integrated assessment models (IAMs) are separated into their main natural and anthropogenic components. The estimates of the costs that can be attributed to natural variability factors and to the anthropogenic intervention with the climate system in general tend to show that: 1) during the first ha...

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