There is evidence to suggest that rifampicin is an effective second line therapy for controlling pruritus in patients with chronic cholestatic liver disease. It is most widely used as an antipruritic agent in the autoimmune cholestatic liver disease, primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC). Rifampicin has been reported as causing hepatitis in patients being treated for tuberculosis. Most reports of thi...

Chronic pruritus is frequently refractory to currently available treatments. Studies suggest that pruritus may arise from an imbalance of the mu- and kappa-opioid receptor system activity in either the skin or the central nervous system. Stimulation of kappa-opioid receptors by their agonists inhibits pruritus in both animals and humans. The antipruritic effect of kappa-opioid receptors agonist...

Lepidoptera (moths, butterflies, and caterpillars) are an uncommon cause of adverse reactions in humans. Most reactions to Lepidoptera are mild and self-limited; however, reactions in sensitive individuals and reactions to particular species can be severe and life threatening. Specific syndromes caused by Lepidoptera include erucism (cutaneous reactions from contact with caterpillars, moths, or...

Temperature-sensitive transient receptor potential (TRP) channels such as TRPA1 and TRPV1 have been identified as downstream ion channel targets in the transduction of itch. As a member of the temperature-sensitive TRP family, the Ca2+-permeable nonselective cation channel TRPV3 is expressed abundantly in skin keratinocytes. Recent identification of gain-of-function mutations of human TRPV3 fro...

cosmos caudatus is widely used as a traditional medicine in southeast asia. c. caudatus has been reported as a rich source of bioactive  compounds such as ascorbic acid, quercetin, and chlorogenic acid. studies have shown that c. caudatus exhibits high antioxidant capacity and various medicinal properties, including anti-diabetic activity, anti-hypertensive properties, anti-infl ammatory respon...

adult-onset still’s disease (aosd) is a rare systemic inflammatory disorder of unknown etiology. there is not currently any specific serological markers for aosd , and  diagnosis still relying on the exclusion of other likely diagnoses. yamaguchi’s criteria are used as a diagnostic criterion which contains negative serologic markers for other collagen vascular diseases including systemic lupus ...

nigella sativa has attracted healers in ancient civilizations and researchers in recent times. traditionally, it has been used in different forms to treat many diseases including asthma, hypertension, diabetes, inflammation, cough, bronchitis, headache, eczema, fever, dizziness and influenza. experimentally, it has been demonstrated that n. sativa extracts and the main constituent of their vola...

The prevalence of allergic skin disorders has increased rapidly, and development of therapeutic agents to alleviate the symptoms are still needed. In this study, we orally or topically administered the Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitors, tofacitinib and oclacitinib, in a mouse model of dermatitis, and compared the efficacy to reduce the itch and inflammatory response. In vitro effects of JAK inhibit...