Infection by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) induces human alveolar macrophage (AMphi) apoptosis by a TNF-alpha-dependent mechanism. The apoptotic response is postulated to be a defense mechanism, limiting the growth of this intracellular pathogen. Consistent with that model, recent studies showed that the virulent MTB strain H37Rv induces substantially less AMphi apoptosis than the attenuated...

Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) is an inflammatory cytokine which plays crucial roles in pathogenesis of inflammatory diseases. The current study aimed to investigate the binding abilities of I44 and I49 domain antibodies to TNF-α. The dAbs were expressed in bacterial expression system and purified by affinity chromatography using Ni-sepharose column. The expression and purity of the protei...

Matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9), also known as 92-kD type IV collagenase/gelatinase, is believed to play a critical role in tumor invasion and metastasis. Here, we report that MMP-9 was constitutively released from the human promyelocytic cell line HL-60 as determined by zymographic analysis. Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) enhanced the enzyme release threefold to fourfold and the pr...

Systemic injection of the endotoxin lipopolysaccharide (LPS) upregulates the gene encoding CD14 early in the circumventricular organs (CVOs) and later in the brain parenchyma. The present study tested the hypothesis that the parenchymal production of the proinflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) by microglial cells is responsible for triggering CD14 transcription in an au...

BACKGROUND Although enzyme replacement therapy (ERT) is available for several lysosomal storage disorders, the benefit of this treatment to the skeletal system is very limited. Our previous work has shown the importance of the Toll-like receptor 4/TNF-alpha inflammatory pathway in the skeletal pathology of the mucopolysaccharidoses (MPS), and we therefore undertook a study to examine the additi...

background and aims: plants as medicines have always played a vital role in human life. tumor necrosis factor alpha (tnf)-α is one of the macrophage-derived inflammatory cytokine with pleotropic effects in the inflammation process. some studies have been demonstrated that some of the echinops species have anti-inflammatory activity. in fact, echinops lasilepis is introduced as one of the native...

These national clinical guidelines outlining the screening, prophylaxis and critical information required prior to initiating anti-TNF-alpha treatment have been approved by the Danish Society for Gastroenterology. Anti-TNF-alpha therapy is widely used in gastroenterology (for inflammatory bowel disease), rheumatology (for rheumatoid arthritis, psoriatic arthritis and spondyloarthropathies) and ...

Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) is initially synthesized as a type II integral membrane protein (transmembrane TNF-alpha) after macrophage activation. In this study we have investigated some aspects of the regulation of expression and biological activity of transmembrane TNF-alpha by both soluble TNF-alpha receptors (sTNF-alphaR) and inhibitors of TNF-alpha processing. We show, using th...

The therapeutic options for anti-neutrophil cytoplasm antibody (ANCA)-associated systemic vasculitis (AASV) remain limited and hampered by adverse effects. One potential novel therapeutic avenue involves inhibition of TNF-alpha, with encouraging uncontrolled data in humans with one agent (infliximab) but disappointing controlled data from another (etanercept). For investigating the potential ro...