BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Urinary tract infection is one of the commonest infections seen in clinical practice. Lack of compliance and unjustified antibiotic prescriptions has resulted in bacterial resistance and is proving as a major challenge in the management of these infections. Our aim was to identify the sensitivity pattern of commonly used antibiotics against urinary tract infections so a...

background: antibiotics prescribed in the presumptuous treatment of infections may be ineffective if causative pathogens acquire resistance to prescribed antibiotics. in the absence of patient follow ups for treatment outcome assessments, healthcare providers may be unaware of the effectiveness of antibiotic treatments they provide. in the empiric treatment of infections particularly, such situ...

When antibiotic sensitivity of microorganisms is tested by agar dilution, single antibiotics are incorporated in solid media and 'spot' inocula of test strains are applied to the antibiotic media and to a plate without antibiotic. The usual method of quality control is to include control strains of known sensitivity.1 However, control strains are usually sensitive to a number of antibiotics, an...

Background: Enterococci have emerged as a major cause of nosocomial infections and within this group, Enterococcus faecalis and Enterococcus faecium cause the majority of human and livestock enterococcal infections. In this article, we tried to determine antibiotics and metals resistance patterns of E. faecalis and E. faecium strains. Methods: One hundred sixty different strains of E. faecalis...

Background: Bacteremia due to Enterococcus faecalis is usually caused by strains resistant to most antibiotics. Effective management of the disease is dependent on rapid detection and characterization of the bacteria, and determination its sensitivity pattern to antimicrobial drugs. The aim of this study was to investigate a more rapid and reliable assay for simultaneous diagnosis of enterococc...

This review highlights the importance of monitoring levels antibiotics in different matrices and need for sensitive selective detection methods antibiotic residues various samples. Additionally, this article discusses use modified electrodes, specifically those with nanoparticles, using electroanalytical techniques. These electrodes have been found to advantages over unmodified such as enhanced...