Two remote sensing methods, satellite altimetry and 4D-Var assimilation of satellite imagery, are used to compute surface velocity fields in the Black Sea region. Surface currents derived from the two methods are compared for several cases with intense mesoscale and large-scale dynamics during low wind conditions. Comparison shows that the obtained results coincide well quantitatively and quali...

The effects of moisture on nonlinear baroclinic eddies are examined in the context of a horizontally homogeneous two-layer quasigeostrophic model. Using an explicit equation for moisture and a simple parameterization of latent heat release, the present study focuses on how moisture affects the statistically steady state of a baroclinically unstable flow. It is shown that, when latent heating is...

precipitation changes in the region on orbital timescales. 22 The Nordeste, a semi-arid region in northeastern Brazil, 23 is known for its severe and recurrent droughts, which cause 24 socioeconomic problems for millions of people. Observational and 25 modelling studies have convincingly linked below-normal rainfall 26 in the Nordeste during the rainy season (February, March and 27 April) to pe...

During northern warm seasons, the overhead sun moves northward across the equator to the Northern Hemisphere. Because of the decrease in the meridional thermal gradients, particularly in midlatitudes, the Northern Hemisphere summer circulation becomes less rigorous in its intensity. In spite of this seasonal change, certain circulation elements still distinctly stand out. As shown in Fig. 1a, t...

A decade of moored measurements from the Arctic Ocean’s northwestern Beaufort Gyre (collected as a component of the Beaufort Gyre Exploration Project) are analyzed to examine the range of mesoscale eddies over the water column and the dynamical processes that set eddy vertical scales. A total of 58 eddies were identified in the moored record, all anticyclones with azimuthal velocities ranging f...

An equilibrium statistical theory of coherent structures is applied to midlatitude bands in the northern and southern hemispheres of Jupiter. The theory imposes energy and circulation constraints on the large-scale motion and uses a prior distribution on potential vorticity fluctuations to parameterize the small-scale turbulent eddies. Nonlinearly stable coherent structures are computed by solv...

in order to identify the pressure patterns causing the cold weather over the northwestern iran, daily lowest temperatures of six stations of the study area during january- march months of the 1986-2003 period were obtained from meteorological organization of islamic republic of iran (irimo) in the quality controlled format. according to the defined threshold, the very cold days were extracted a...

As the waters of marine primary production, euphotic zone is living environment for aquatic organisms. Eddies account 90% ocean’s kinetic energy and they affect organisms’ habitats by excitation vertical velocities horizontal advection nutrients ecosystems. Satellite observations indicate that anticyclones mainly deepen depth, while cyclones do opposite. The anomalies reach 5 m on average in re...

The February 2021 cold air outbreak (CAO) was a high-impact event in the South-Central Plains of United States. This study examines important precursors to that likely impacted its predictability subseasonal forecasts. We use reanalysis show CAO facilitated by two distinct wave breaks—an East Siberian Sea anticyclonic break and Labrador cyclonic break. also European Center for Medium-Range Weat...