Tumor metastasis is the main cause of lethality of prostate cancer, because conventional therapies like surgery and hormone treatment rarely work at this stage. Tumor cell migration, invasion and adhesion are necessary processes for metastasis. By providing nutrition and an escape route from the primary site, angiogenesis is also required for tumor metastasis. Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinases (PI...

Tumor cells aberrantly express chemokines and/or chemokine receptors, and some may promote tumor growth and metastasis. We examined the expression and function of chemokine receptor CXCR3 in a syngeneic murine model of metastatic breast cancer. By flow cytometry, CXCR3 was detected in all murine mammary tumor cell lines examined. All human breast cancer cell lines examined also expressed CXCR3,...

The novel nitrobenzoxadiazole (NBD) derivative MC3181 is endowed with remarkable therapeutic activity in mice bearing both sensitive and vemurafenib-resistant human melanoma xenografts. Here, we report that subtoxic concentrations of this compound significantly reduced invasiveness of BRAF-V600D mutated WM115 and WM266.4 melanoma cell lines derived from the primary lesion and related skin metas...

Prostate cancer (PCa) is the most commonly diagnosed cancer in men in the United States and the second leading cause of cancer death. Death is not caused by the primary tumor but rather by the formation of distinct metastatic tumors. Therefore, prevention of metastasis is of utmost importance. The natural product genistein, found in high amounts in soy products, has been implicated in preventin...

The lack of targeted therapies available for triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) patients who fail to respond to first-line chemotherapy has sparked interest in immunotherapeutic approaches. However, trials utilizing checkpoint inhibitors targeting the PD-1/PD-L1 axis in TNBC have had underwhelming responses. Here, we investigated the interplay between type I IFN signaling and the PD-1/PD-L1 a...

No definitive therapy exists to treat human metastatic tumors. We reported previously that down-regulation of Lin-7C is essential for metastasis of human squamous cell carcinomas (hSCCs). In this study, we investigated the chemical restoration of Lin-7C expression and demonstrated its effectiveness for suppressing the metastatic potential in human cancer cells. Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA) ...

BRAF is a major oncogenic mutation found in approximately 50% of human melanoma that confers constitutive activation of the MAPK pathway and increased melanoma growth. Inhibition of BRAF by oncogene targeting therapy increases overall survival of patients with melanoma, but is unable to produce many durable responses. Adaptive drug resistance remains the main limitation to BRAF inhibitor clinic...

Spontaneous neoplasm metastasis, a fatalist pathological feature of cancer, is a long-evolving, multi-steps process that can now only be treated or controlled by drugs or immuno-modulators. Probimane (Pro), as a representative of the well-known class of antimetastatic agents âBisdioxopiperazine compounds (Biz)â, is systematically studied for its absorption, distribution and excretion in mice be...

PURPOSE All-trans retinoic acid (RA)-incorporated nanoparticles were prepared using deoxycholic acid-conjugated dextran (DexDA). Anticancer activity of RA-incorporated DexDA nanoparticles were tested in vitro and in vivo. METHODS RA-incorporated nanoparticles were prepared by dialysis. Antiproliferative and anti-invasive potential of RA-incorporated nanoparticles were studied using CT26 color...