The increasing number of available antiretroviral drugs (ARV) for treating HIV-1 infection has promoted an amazing reduction on AIDS-associated morbidity and mortality. However, adverse events are still a frequent finding in on-treatment patients, and may have a negative impact on patient’s quality of life, adherence to therapy, and long term health problems.1 In Brazil, we have only scarce dat...

Early diagnosis of Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in infants provides a critical opportunity to strengthen follow-up HIV- exposed children using dried blood spots and assure early access antiretroviral treatment for infected children. This study aimed determine the prevalence HVI-1 infection born HIV-seropositive mothers. infant HIV sub-type I was carried out on 286 babies HIV-I seropositiv...

BACKGROUND With the increasing use of antiretroviral (ARV) drugs to prevent mother-to-child transmission of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), large numbers of infants are exposed, with possible consequent toxicity. METHODS Hematologic values in 1820 uninfected HIV- and ARV-exposed children were compared with those in 351 ARV-unexposed children from the Women and Infants Transmission Study. ...

The successful demonstration that antiretroviral (ARV) drugs can be used in diverse ways to reduce HIV acquisition or transmission risks--either taken as pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) by those who are uninfected or as early treatment for prevention (T4P) by those living with HIV--expands the armamentarium of existing HIV prevention tools. These findings have implications for the design of fut...

The efficacy of combination therapy (antiretroviral therapy--ARV) is demonstrated by the high rates of viral suppression achieved in most treated HIV patients. Whereas contemporary treatments may continuously suppress HIV replication, they do not eliminate the latent reservoir, which can reactivate HIV infection if ARV is discontinued. The persistence of HIV proviral DNA and infectious viruses ...

BACKGROUND Of the 1.6 million South African people infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), approximately 970,000 (55%) have been initiated on HAART. Despite these numbers, very little has been published about the safety profile of antiretroviral (ARV) medicines in the country. This study was performed at the Medunsa National Pharmacovigilance Centre and aimed to describe the demograph...

Background.  Durability of antiretroviral (ARV) therapy is associated with improved human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) outcomes. Data on ARV regimen durability in recent years and clinical settings are lacking. Methods.  This retrospective follow-up study included treatment-naive HIV-infected patients initiating ARV therapy between January 2007 and December 2012 in a university-affiliated HIV c...

Current HIV-1 antiretroviral (ARV) drug resistance knowledge is limited to HIV-1 subtype B (HIV-1B). We addressed whether unique genetic and phenotypic properties of HIV-1 subtype C (HIV-1C), southern Africa's most prevalent subtype, may foment earlier and/or distinct resistance mutations. Population-level HIV-1C genotypes were evaluated with respect to drug resistance prevalence before Botswan...

BACKGROUND Vietnam achieved rapid scale-up of antiretroviral therapy (ART), although external funds are declining sharply. To achieve and sustain universal access to HIV services, evidence-based planning is essential. To date, there had been limited HIV treatment and care cost data available in Vietnam. METHODS Cost data of outpatient and inpatient HIV care were extracted at 21 sentinel facil...

intRoDuction The development of antiretroviral (ARV) drugs has transformed HIV/AIDS to that of a chronic manageable disease. Studies have reported improved quality of life of PLWHA on ARV therapy (ART), reduced progression of the disease and declining mortality from the pandemic.1,2 However, strict adherence is required to achieve therapeutic success in HIV management. Paterson et al. suggest t...