We present a systematic review of historical, political, and epidemiologic aspects of AIDS in Brazilian children. Over 25 years, Brazil has developed different strategies to control AIDS in children. Three revisions of criteria for defining AIDS cases in children and nine national guidelines on antiretroviral therapy administration for management of HIV infection were published. These guideline...

Long-acting anti-HIV products can substantively change the standard of care for patients with HIV/AIDS. To this end, hydrophobic antiretroviral drugs (ARVs) were recently developed for parenteral administration at monthly or longer intervals. While shorter-acting hydrophilic drugs can be made into nanocarrier-encased prodrugs, the nanocarrier encasement must be boosted to establish long-acting ...

Guidelines for managing pharmacologic interactions that can result when patients receive antiretroviral drugs for treatment of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection together with rifamycin antibiotics for treatment of tuberculosis (TB) have been published previously (1–4). Newly updated guidelines, developed by CDC in collaboration with experts from other key national and international i...

Highlights: Gynecomastia is a known potential side effect of efavirenz, which may manifest in HIV patients. Healthcare providers should be vigilant and address the adverse effects medications prescribed to individuals with HIV, including gynecomastia. Surgeons resource-limited areas show flexibility can achieve satisfactory results procedures despite limited resources surgical options. Abstract...

Widespread use of antiretroviral drugs for pregnant/breastfeeding females with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) has led to declining vertical transmission. Despite being HIV-uninfected, the increasing number children who are HIV-exposed and uninfected (CHEU) often present developmental alterations. We review seminal recent evidence on neurological development CHEU associations early life HIV/...

Human immunodeficiency virus/acquired syndrome (HIV/AIDS) constitutes a source of great concern to health authorities worldwide. Herbal medicinal products are used as significant treatment option for highly active antiretroviral therapies, the efficacies which negatively impacted by emergence multidrug-resistant strains recommended guidelines. This review provides an updated synopsis available ...

Lipodystrophy complications, including lipoatrophy (pathological fat loss) and metabolic complications, have emerged as important long-term toxicities associated with antiretroviral therapy in the current era. The wealth of data that has accumulated over the past 6 years has now clarified the contribution of specific antiretroviral drugs to the risk of these clinical endpoints, with evidence th...

OBJECTIVE We investigated the awareness and acceptability of pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) among men who have sex with men (MSM) and potential predicting factors. METHODS This study was conducted among MSM in Beijing, China. Study participants, randomly selected from an MSM cohort, completed a structured questionnaire, and provided their blood samples to test for HIV infection and syphilis....

UNLABELLED ANTIRETROVIRAL ROLLOUT IN BRAZIL AND THAILAND: Brazil and Thailand are among few developing countries to achieve universal access to antiretroviral therapy. Three factors were critical to this success: legislation for free access to treatment; public sector capacity to manufacture medicines; and strong civil society action to support government initiatives to improve access. LOCAL PR...