The sugarcane borer, Diatraea saccharalis Fabricius, is a pest to sugarcane and many other crops. This work aims to characterize morphological variability in the epithelial cells (columnar, goblet and regenerative) along the midgut of D. saccharalis larvae. Fragments of the midgut (anterior, middle and posterior regions) were fixed and processed by light and scanning electron microscopy. There ...

August Krogh proposed that freshwater fishes (and other freshwater animals) maintain body NaCl homoeostasis by extracting these ions from the environment via separate Na(+) /NH(4)(+) and Cl(-) /HCO(3)(-) exchangers in the gill epithelium. Subsequent data from other laboratories suggested that Na(+) uptake was more probably coupled to H(+) secretion via a vesicular proton pump (V-ATPase) electri...

BACKGROUND Irrigation of the root canal system is an essential step in the endodontic treatment. The aim of this article is to introduce continuous apical negative-pressure ultrasonic irrigation (CANUI), a new irrigation concept, and compare the characteristics of this new technique with current devices for activating the irrigant. MATERIAL AND METHODS CANUI is designed for cleaning and disin...

Salt and water balance in vertebrates in controlled by the release of two blood borne hormones: aldosterone and antidiuretic (ADH). It is the purpose of this chapter to review the mechanisms (at the plasma membrane level) by which these hormones cause an increase in salt (sodium) and water movement in the target tissues. The primary effect of aldosterone is to increase the Na+ permeability of t...

The aim of this study was to compare the apically extruded debris associated with ProTaper Next and OneShape Apical files using two different irrigation needles, open-ended and closed-ended (Max-I-Probe). Forty-eight mandibular premolars were assigned to four groups (n=12) as follows: Group PTN-SN: Root canal was prepared with ProTaper Next (PTN) and irrigated with open-ended standard needle; G...

Pyloric caeca and anterior intestine epithelia from seawater-acclimated rainbow trout exhibit different electrophysiological parameters with lower transepithelial potential and higher epithelial conductance in the pyloric caeca than the anterior intestine. Both pyloric caeca and the anterior intestine secrete HCO(3)(-) at high rates in the absence of serosal HCO(3)(-)/CO(2), demonstrating that ...

GSH EXTRUSION IN APOPTOSIS Damaged cells opting for apoptosis actively extrude glutathione in the reduced form as an apical event in the apoptotic signaling (Ghibelli et al., 1995; Van den Dobbelsteen et al., 1996). Apoptotic GSH efflux is very rapid and, as a consequence, cells undergo redox imbalance and become susceptible to oxidative stress due to loss of ROS scavenging power (D’Alessio et ...

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect different glide path files on amount apically extruded debris. Material and Methods: Sixty single-canaled mandibular premolars were accessed randomly divided into three groups (n= 20) according file used for glid creation; group A using Traverse file, B WaveOne Gold Glider, C stainless steel K file. All teeth then instrumented Reciproc...

Objective(s): To compare the amount of apical debris extruded during endodontic retreatment procedures performed using H files, R-Endo Retreatment GPR files and ProTaper Universal files.
 Materials Methods: The conventional coronal access cavity was prepared for 40 extracted Mandibular Premolars. root canals were with Next Rotary till X1. Obturation done by combination Lateral Vertical Com...

INTRODUCTION Complicated crown- root fractures, extended caries and iatrogenic destruction often result in insufficient sound tooth structures and compromise the biologic width. Two common options for re-establishing flap with osseous surgery. Although some advantages are related to these two options, but coronal movement of gingival and alveolar bone in orthodontic extrusion, esthetic problem ...