Two microsporidians are known to infect honey bees: Nosema apis and Nosema ceranae. Whereas population genetics data for the latter have been released in the last few years, such information is still missing for N. apis. Here we analyze the patterns of nucleotide polymorphism at three single-copy loci (PTP2, PTP3 and RPB1) in a collection of Apis mellifera isolates from all over the world, natu...

Apis mellifera jemenitica Ruttner (= yemenitica auctorum: videEngel 1999) has been used in apiculture throughout the Arabian Peninsula since at least 2000 BC. Existing literature demonstrates that these populations are well adapted for the harsh extremes of the region. Populations of Apis mellifera jemenitica native to Saudi Arabia are far more heat tolerant than the standard races often import...

The market of data-intensive Application Programming Interfaces (APIs) has recently experienced an exponential growth, but the creation and evolution of such APIs is still done ad-hoc, with little automated support and reported deficiencies. These drawbacks hinder the productivity of developers of those APIs and the services built on top of them. In this exploratory paper, we promote a data-dri...

For solving complex problems, we advocate for constructing “social computers” which combine software and human services. However, to date, human capabilities cannot be easily programmed into applications in a similar way like software capabilities. Existing approaches exploiting human capabilities via crowds do not support well on-demand, proactive, team-based human computation. In this paper, ...

The heterogeneity of methods and technologies to publish open data is still an issue to develop distributed systems on the Web. On the one hand, Web APIs, the most popular approach to offer data services, implement REST principles, which focus on addressing loose coupling and interoperability issues. On the other hand, Linked Data, available through SPARQL endpoints, focus on data integration b...

The Web 2.0 wave brings, among other aspects, the Programmable Web: increasing numbers of Web sites provide machine-oriented APIs and Web services. However, most APIs are only described with text in HTML documents. The lack of machine-readable API descriptions affects the feasibility of tool support for developers who use these services. We propose a microformat called hRESTS (HTML for RESTful ...

Linux Application Program Interfaces (APIs) lack stability and standardization. There is a need for a standard API for Linux device drivers that allow backward compatibility while easing the development of new drivers. The advantage of standardizing the API is to make the kernel core more robust and the development of new drivers easier; however the main challenge is performance-based. This wor...

Sharing and reuse of Web APIs for fast development of Web applications require advanced searching facilities to enable Web designers to find the Web APIs they need. In this paper we describe a Web API semantic collaborative tagging system to be implemented on top of the public ProgrammableWeb Web API repository. The system is designed to be used in a social context: the designers can take activ...

Social Networking Services (SNS) provide users with functionalities for developing their on line social networks, connecting with other users, sharing and consuming content. While most of popular SNS provide open Web 2.0 APIs, they remain disconnected from each other thus fragmenting user's data, social network and content. Semantic social web technologies such as public vocabularies and ontolo...