Strengthening institutions in spot and derivative markets for commodities is a necessary ingredient of the liberalisation process in agriculture, and can impact upon the lives of millions. In this paper, we describe the existing market design prevalent on both the spot and the futures markets. We show some evidence on the role played by the nascent futures markets in price discovery. We documen...

Fixed mobile convergence (FMC) will be one of the strongest trends in telecommunications in the near future. Given the choice, most consumers would want to use a single handset yet do not want to pay the premium when at home or in the office. Even though seamless network integration will still take some time to become reality, there are many convergence opportunities that are currently being ex...

APRIL 2002 Tools for Representing Fractions This article discusses fraction models. The terms representation and model are sometimes used almost interchangeably, but the two terms are not synonymous. For example, we use a model to represent a mathematical idea. The reason for this ambiguity is that both representation and model have several different meanings and share some meanings. A model ca...

The accuracy of the domain embedding method from [A. Rieder, ModéL Math. Anal Numér. 32 (1998) 405-431] for the solution of Dirichlet problems suffers under a coarse boundary approximation. To overcome this drawback the method is furnished with an a priori (static) strategy for an adaptive approximation space refinement near the boundary. This is done by select ing suitable wavelet subspaces. E...

in this work we deal with the question: how can one improve the approximation level for some nonlinear integral equations? good candidates for this aim are semi orthogonal b-spline scaling functions and their duals. although there are different works in this area, only b-spline of degree at most 2 are used for this approximation. here we compute b-spline scaling functions of degree 4 and their ...

Aktuğlu and Gezer [1] introduced the concepts of lacunary equistatistical convergence, lacunary statistical pointwise convergence and lacunary statistical uniform convergence for sequences of functions. Recently, Kaya and Gönül [11] proved some analogs of the Korovkin approximation theorem via lacunary equistatistical convergence by using test functions 1, x 1+x , y 1+y , ( x 1+x )2+( y 1+y )2....

We have reinvestigated the structural and thermodynamic properties of the squarewell and the square-shoulder system using two different theoretical frameworks, i.e., the optimized random-phase approximation and the Rogers–Young integral equation. We discuss the limits of applicability of the respective concepts and compare the results with ‘exact’ Monte Carlo simulation results and with data ob...

This paper studies the problem of building Web page classifiers using positive and unlabeled examples, and proposes a more principled technique to solving the problem based on tolerance rough set and Support Vector Machine (SVM). It uses tolerance classes to approximate concepts existed in Web pages and enrich the representation of Web pages, draws an initial approximation of negative example. ...

We use covers of the universal set to de-ne approximation operators on the power set of the given set. In Section 1, we determine basic properties of the upper approximation operator and show how it can be used to give algebraic structural properties of certain subsets. We de-ne a particular cover on the set of ideals of a commutative ring with identity in such a way that both the concepts of t...

Given a nonlinear system we determine a relation at an equilibrium between controllability distributions defined for a nonlinear system and a Taylor series approximation of it. The value of such a relation is appreciated if we recall that the solvability conditions as well as the solutions to some control synthesis problems can be stated in terms of geometric concepts like controlled invariant ...