A general, efficient, and sustainable method for nucleophilic aromatic substitution reactions in water using a cellulose-based additive was developed.

Combretastatin A-4 (CA4) is a potent anti-mitotic and vascular disrupting agent. Organic chemists have been working to optimize the synthesis of CA4 for past 3 decades, with methods requiring hazardous solvents harsh reaction conditions. Here, we report variety stilbenes in an aqueous Wittig system. Potassium carbonate or lithium hydroxide were used as base this give excellent yields mixtures E...

Introduction: The need to model and understand reactions among aqueous organic compounds and biomolecules has led to a number of experimental studies to determine the thermodynamic properties of these compounds. Unfortunately, there is a paucity of data for important compounds at elevated temperatures and pressures (including the current known temperature limits for biological activity, 122°C [...

Ocular penetration of 5-fluorocytosine (5FC) was studied in uninfected rabbits after subconjunctival and oral administration. With oral administration, 5FC achieved therapeutic levels in both the vitreous and aqueous humors. The use of a pharmacokinetic model permitted objective comparison of kinetic events within the eye chambers and the serum. The rates of entry and elimination in the vitreou...