The acquisition of hypsodont molars is often regarded as a key innovation in the history of ruminant ungulates. Hypsodont ruminants diversified rapidly during the later Neogene, circa 15-2 Myr ago, and came to dominate the ruminant fossil record in terms of species diversity. Here we show that hypsodont clades had higher speciation and diversification rates than other clades. Hypsodont species ...

Livestock management includes the systems of maintenance, reproduction, and waste utilization. This study aims to examine potential feed sources for ruminants (cows buffaloes) efforts maintain continuous availability associated with ruminant livestock development strategies. The data used were primary secondary sources. Furthermore, variables observed include cattle buffalo population, agricult...

While many cattle feeding areas in the United States have long dealt with high sulfate water, increased feeding of ethanol coproducts such as distillers grains with solubles to beef cattle has led to a corresponding increase in dietary sulfur. As a result, sulfur metabolism in the ruminant has been the focus of many research studies over the past 10 yr, and advances in our knowledge have been m...

This study aimed to investigate the effect of supplementation with a mixture molasses and condensed fermentation solubles (M-CMS) in different synchronization diets formulated forage sources an attempt improve efficiency by M-CMS. In first experiment, three levels M-CMS (N: 0%; L: 1.75%; H: 3.50%) were supplied or without corn silage evaluate on diet synchrony index (SI) 0.80. second containing...

There is increasing evidence to indicate that nutrition is an important factor involved in the onset and development of several chronic human diseases including cancer, cardiovascular disease (CVD), type II diabetes and obesity. Clinical studies implicate excessive consumption of medium-chain saturated fatty acids (SFA) and trans-fatty acids (TFA) as risk factors for CVD, and in the aetiology o...