aesthetic equivalence is produced when both the source and target texts enjoy the same degree of interpretability with semantic explicitness. this requires both texts to have the same number of indeterminacies. roman ingarden, the polish phenomenologist and aesthetician, was the first one to consider the concept of indeterminacy as a characteristic of literary works. then iser and jauss, two ae...

Literature, grammar and text of all the three were related to each other. It will not function without support When we look back at Tamil Literary History, tenth eleventh centuries considered as age texts. This period demonstrated that writers more important than authors. Vaithiyanatha Desikar had written a explain Grammar said: he composed his implicit give clarification over subject which quo...

This study aimed to assess the quality of Persian translation of Orwell's (1949) Nineteen Eighty-Four by Balooch (2004) based on House's (1997) model of translation quality assessment. To do so, 23 pages (about 10 percent) of the source text were randomly selected. The profile of the source text register was produced and the genre was realized. The source text profile was compared to t...

the present paper is intended to deal with a certain kind of deconstruction and deviation from literary norms found in mathnavi ma'navi. comparison is also made between the mathnavi and other great literary works. unlike other persian literary works, mathnavi does not begin in the name of the god, praising the prophet and other great religious men. instead, it starts with the famous compla...

The study of patronage of the arts and architecture during the Mamluk period helps us sharpen the picture that we have of this alien ruling class. At the same time, it illuminates the relationships which existed between the Mamluks, the religious elite, and the rest of the population. In examining the patronage of architecture in the Mamluk period, historians and art historians face a number of...

this study aimed to assess the quality of persian translation of orwell's (1949) nineteen eighty-four by balooch (2004) based on house's (1997) model of translation quality assessment. to do so, 23 pages (about 10 percent) of the source text were randomly selected. the profile of the source text register was produced and the genre was realized. the source text profile was compared to the transl...