contrary to majority of islamic jurists, those who believe in singularity of reality and a certain rule in disagreement cases, in opinion of some of the scholars, the truth and the rule is plural and all of the jurist(modjtahedin) are just. imam mohammad ghazzali is one of these scholars. in his opinion, the theory of proscription (takteah) is incorrect and contradictory. with the exception of ...

Whilst the issue of jurisdiction—the question of how far control extends— has always been controversial, the introduction of information and communications technologies only exacerbates the problem. The first generation of scholars to consider this question tended to see technology creating a separate space—cyberspace—with its own legal boundaries. A second generation of scholars, however, has ...

A series of conversations between two women veterans triggered a realization that our military service had been ‘deeply odd’. Jointly authored by historian and social scientist, both have served in different services, through conflicts, for lengths left reasons. Nonetheless, they fascinated the parallels their experiences transition from to academic researcher. This paper considers how gendered...

Alexander Bogdanov (1873-1928) – scientist, philosopher, economist, physician, novelist, poet, and Marxist revolutionary – is mostly ignored by general histories of Europe and Russia and generally appears only as a minor character in the more specialized works of Russian philosophy and the Russian Social-Democratic movement. Yet it seems that no one who becomes familiar with his work fails to b...

Whilst the issue of jurisdiction – the question of how far control extends – has always been controversial, the introduction of information and communications technologies only exacerbates the problem. The first generation of scholars to consider this question tended to see technology creating a separate space – cyberspace – with its own legal boundaries. A second generation of scholars, howeve...