Objective To measure the effect of giving out free smoke alarms on rates of fires and rates of fire related injury in a deprived multiethnic urban population. Design Cluster randomised controlled trial. Setting Forty electoral wards in two boroughs of inner London, United Kingdom. Participants Primarily households including elderly people or children and households that are in housing rented fr...

During a fire, flames can quickly spread throughout the room because wallpaper covers entire surface. Smoke generated from fire is significant obstacle to evacuation. Therefore, it essential study smoke characteristics of ensure evacuation safety. This used ISO 5659-2 combustion chamber method measure density over time with and without flame conditions using 25 kW/m<sup>2</sup> radi...

OBJECTIVE To measure the effect of giving out free smoke alarms on rates of fires and rates of fire related injury in a deprived multiethnic urban population. DESIGN Cluster randomised controlled trial. SETTING Forty electoral wards in two boroughs of inner London, United Kingdom. PARTICIPANTS Primarily households including elderly people or children and households that are in housing ren...

A project was initiated to investigate concerns regarding the application of duct smoke detectors (ASHRAE RP-1079). The objective of the research was to investigate the effects of driving forces, dilution, aging, smoke stratification, filters, and sample tube efficacy on smoke detector response. As one part of this project, a series of full-scale fire tests were conducted in a ten-story facilit...

We documented immediate and mid-term (5 y) impacts on streams from a large (15,500 ha) wildfire in northwestern Montana. Fire-related impacts were ecosystemwide, extending from water chemistry to fish. During the initial firestorm, phosphorus and nitrogen levels increased 5to 60-fold above background levels resulting from aerial deposition from smoke and ash. Nutrients returned to background co...

Fire emissions, smoke dispersion, and air quality are very important for fire fighting and planing of prescribed burning. BlueskyRAINS (BSR) is a comprehensive and state-of-the-art Decision Support System (DSS) for fire managers and air quality managers to plan fuels treatments and support state air quality smoke regulatory actions, especially related to prescribed fires. BSR has been created b...

This paper provides an overview and summary of the current state of knowledge regarding critical atmospheric processes that affect the distribution and concentrations of greenhouse gases and aerosols emitted from wildland fires or produced through subsequent chemical reactions in the atmosphere. These critical atmospheric processes include the dynamics of plume rise, chemical reactions involvin...

Natural ventilation (NV) is an effective energy-saving strategy to remove the excessive heat in high-rise atria. The traditional NV system atria has inlet openings at bottom and outlet top. However, this may bring fire safety concerns due rapid spread of smoke during atrium fire. To concern, a new was proposed study. This applies segmentation slab divide into upper lower parts, which can limit ...

Laboratory experiments were conducted to determine the responses of a prototype smoke detector and a commercially available photoelectric smoke detector to smoke particles generated from various combustion sources. The prototype smoke detector combines optical scattering measurements with ionization chamber measurements in order to reduce/eliminate nuisance alarms due to the presence of airborn...

A series of 24 full-scale experiments was conducted during the summer of 2008 to examine the effects of alarm type (photoelectric, ionization, and dual sensor), alarm location, fabric type (100 % cotton and 100 % polyester), polyurethane foam density, ignition scenario, and room configuration, on smoke alarm performance. A two-level, fractional factorial design of eight experimental configurati...