Phosphate (P) is an important nutrient potentially limiting for primary productivity, yet, we currently know little about the relationship between growth rate and physiological response to P limitation in abundant marine Cyanobacteria. Thus, the aim of this research was to determine how variation in growth rate affected the physiology of marine Synechococcus WH8102 and CC9311 when growing under...

Microalgae are cultivated in macro-scale reactors traditionally and the relevant knowledge is based on bulk analysis. Whether the knowledge and laws are true for cells under micro-cultivation is still unknown. To better understand microalgal physiology, micro-cultivation of microalgae, and unicellular tracking and analysis of its response in vivo is necessary. In the study, cellular responses o...

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The rate of multiple pregnancy has dramatically increased during the past decades, along with the diffusion of assisted reproduction technology (ART). Multiple pregnancy entail an increased risk of, at times life threatening, maternal complications i.e. pre-eclampsia, eclampsia or abruptio placenta, of serious neonatal hazards, i.e. extreme prematurity or growth retardation, as well as deleteri...

Background: Neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), lymphocyte-monocyte ratio (LMR) and platelet-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) have a prognostic value in several types of diseases such as cancers and they vary in different races. So, we aimed to evaluate the normal range of these markers among healthy people to determine the normal value in Iranian population. Methods: In the present study, cross-sectiona...

An indicator of bypassing is a premature drop in gas-oil ratio; i.e., earlier than expected collapse of gas saturation. Early gas collapse (water fillup) may indicate that channeling has occurred. In layered reservoirs with no or little vertical crossflow, water injection in an initially depressurized layer will cause GOR to drop rapidly. Often naturally fractured reservoirs exhibit fast gas co...

Odds ratio (OR) is a statistic commonly encountered in professional or scientific medical literature. Most readers perceive it as relative risk (RR), although most of them do not know why that would be true. But since such perception is mostly correct, there is nothing (or almost nothing) wrong with that. It is nevertheless useful to be reminded now and then what is the relation between the rel...

human beings have always experienced disasters. a disaster may be brief,but its psychological effects may last for many years. these psychological effects are increasingly well documented.disasters affect not only those immediately involved, but also those whoknow the victims. this is perhaps particularly so when the victims arechildren. commonly when adults hear news of disasters they ask firs...

any form of industrialization leads to cultural changes which may be rapid and extensive, and provoke considerable stress. such changes are particularly extensive when developing countries are rapidly industrialized. agricultural workers who move to industrial areas may shift from barter to a monetary economy. all of this is to them an entirely new way of living and so they try to keep contact ...