The catalytic highly regio-, diastereo-, and enantioselective synthesis of a small library of spiropyrrolizidineoxindolesvia a four-component 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reaction of azomethine ylides, derived from isatin, with electron-deficient dipolarophilewas described. The process occurs at room temperature in aqueous ethanol as a green solvent and in the presence of a bidendatebis(imine)–Cu(...

the catalytic highly regio-, diastereo-, and enantioselective synthesis of a small library of spiropyrrolizidineoxindolesvia a four-component 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reaction of azomethine ylides, derived from isatin, with electron-deficient dipolarophilewas described. the process occurs at room temperature in aqueous ethanol as a green solvent and in the presence of a bidendatebis(imine)–cu(...

The quadratic assignment problem arises in a variety of practical settings. It is known to be among the hardest combinatorial problems for exact algorithms. Therefore, a large number of heuristic approaches have been proposed for its solution. In this article we introduce a new, large set of QAP instances that is intended to allow the systematic study of the performance of metaheuristics in dep...

the catalytic highly regio-, diastereo-, and enantioselective synthesis of a small library of spiropyrrolizidineoxindolesvia a four-component 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reactionof azomethineylides, derived from isatin, with electron-deficient dipolarophilewas described. the process occurs at room temperature in aqueous ethanol as a green solvent and in the presence of a bidendatebis(imine)–cu(ii...

Farming systems under contrasting management practices can contribute differently to the delivery of bundles ecosystem services (ES) in agricultural landscapes. Low intensity farming systems, such as High Nature Value farmlands, are expected deliver a wider range ES, whereas landscapes more intensive mainly provisioning services. Understanding associated with desirable outcomes terms biodiversi...