This article moves the debate on the integrative mechanisms of civil society from the study of individual civic engagement and associational life to the study of interorganizational civic networks. Drawing upon evidence from Bristol and Glasgow, we identify a polycentric model of civic networks, based on horizontal solidarity and generalized reciprocity, in which organizations engage in micro r...

The natural incentives that shape behavior reach the central circuitry of motivation trans-synaptically, via the five senses, whereas the laboratory rewards of intracranial stimulation or drug injections activate reward circuitry directly, bypassing peripheral sensory pathways. The unsensed incentives of brain stimulation and intracranial drug injections thus give us tools to identify reward ci...

Grazing can alter plant species interactions in natural rangelands, which turn might influence the productivity of ecosystem but we do not fully understand how spatial variability diversity-biomass relationships are modulated by grazing intensity. Here, hypothesized that co-occurrence rangelands is mainly driven niche segregation due to and heterogeneity local resources, grazing, therefore, mod...

▪ Research on employer coordination in the advanced capitalist countries has focused almost exclusively on the manufacturing sector, even though the service sector is responsible for most employment growth. This article considers organizational change in the service sector, comparing structurally similar networks of public savings banks in France and eastern Germany. It finds that the capacitie...

Previous analyses of knowledge of results (KR) and motor learning have generally confounded the transient performance effects as shown when KR is present and the relatively permanent (i.e., learned) effects that we argue should be evaluated on a transfer test without KR. In this review, we classify investigations according to this distinction, and a number of new relations emerge between KR and...

Concern over the distributional effects of policies which induce changes in peer group structure, or ‘associational redistributions’ (Durlauf, 1996c), motivates a substantial body of theoretical and empirical research in economics, sociology, psychology, and education. A growing collection of econometric methods for characterizing the effects of such policies are now available. This chapter sur...