The richness and biogeographical distribution pattern of bacterial and archaeal communities was assessed by terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis of polymerase chain reaction-amplified fragments of the 16S rRNA gene at the surface (15–25 m depth), in the deep chlorophyll maximum layer (DCM; 50 m depth), and deep waters (75–1000 m depth) of the eastern tropical Atlantic Ocea...

Atmospheric convective boundary layer (CBL) entrainment is the downward mixing of free atmospheric air into the CBL as the CBL grows. Primarily, the CBL entrainment is driven by the buoyancy production of turbulence kinetic energy (TKE) due to heating of the lower surface or cooling at the CBL top. The effects of shear-generated turbulence in the CBL are secondary. However, cases of a purely bu...

Clement et al (Reports, 16 October 2015, p. 320) claim that the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation (AMO) is a thermodynamic response of the ocean mixed layer to stochastic atmospheric forcing and that ocean circulation changes have no role in causing the AMO. These claims are not justified. We show that ocean dynamics play a central role in the AMO.

Atmospheric corrosion occurs under alternate cycles in presence and absence of an electrolyte layer, the severity of corrosion processes that occur onto the metallic surface depends largely on the corrosive environment to which the material is exposed. Whereas the corrosive phenomena occur in the presence of the electrolyte, in this work the effect of the depth of the solution layer on the elec...