A classification representing some main branches of phenomenological nonequilibrium thermodynamics is discussed. Differences and similarities of these selected branches are explained. Starting out with basic concepts of phenomenological thermodynamics, more developed theories with different back-grounds contributing to contemporary thermodynamics are considered. Because of its vast extent, this...

A stochastic thermodynamics of Brownian motion is set up in which state functions are expressed in terms of state variables through the same relations as in classical irreversible thermodynamics, with the difference that the state variables are now random fields accounting for the effect of fluctuations. Explicit expressions for the stochastic analog of entropy production and related quantities...

Extending the analysis in our previous paper, we construct the entanglement thermodynamics for a massless scalar field on the Schwarzschild spacetime. Contrary to the flat case, the entanglement energy Eent turns out to be proportional to the boundary area if it is near the horizon. This peculiar behavior of Eent can be understood by the red-shift effect caused by the curved background. Combine...

It is known that equilibrium thermodynamics can be deduced from a constrained Fisher information extemizing process. We show here that, more generally, both nonequilibrium and equilibrium thermodynamics can be obtained from such a Fisher treatment. Equilibrium thermodynamics corresponds to the ground-state solution, and nonequilibrium thermodynamics corresponds to excited-state solutions, of a ...

XVIII. XIX. Introduction ........................................ Restructured Thermodynamics of Open Systems and the Concept of Thermobaric Transfer. ................................. New Chemical Thermodynamics .......................... Homogeneous Mixtures and Reformulation of the Gibbs-Duhem Theorem .......................................... Nontensorial Virtual Work Approach to Finite Str...

a type of novel hypercross-linked fiber adsorbent was obtained by sulfonation and cross-linking reaction of polypropylene fiber grafted styrene-divinylbenzene. the aim of the fiber sulfonation and cross-linking method was to prepare rigid three dimensional networks in the entire fiber and change the ion exchange capacity of fiber. the hypercross-linked fiber adsorbent possesses a principally di...

important thermodynamic parameters including denaturant equilibrium m values (meq) and heat capacity changes (δcp) can be predicted based on changes in solvent accessible surface area (sasa) upon unfolding. crosslinks such as disulfide bonds influence the stability of the proteins by decreasing the entropy gain as well as reduction of sasa of unfolded state. the aim of the study was to develop ...

Within the project EUCAARI (European Integrated project on Aerosol Cloud Climate and Air Quality interactions), atmospheric nucleation was studied by (i) developing and testing new air ion and cluster spectrometers, (ii) conducting homogeneous nucleation experiments for sulphate and organic systems in the laboratory, (iii) investigating atmospheric nucleation mechanism under field conditions, a...

The use of state-of-the-art hyperspectral sensors--such as the Atmospheric InfraRed Sounder (AIRS) on NASA’s polar-orbiting Aqua satellite--to retrieve high vertical resolution thermodynamic profiles and their subsequent assimilation into forecast models holds promise in improving weather predictions. This improved vertical resolution over previous capabilities results from the use of thousands...

Using the generalized procedure proposed by Wu et al23 recently, we construct the first law of thermodynamics on apparent horizon in a general braneworld model with curvature correction terms on the brane and in the bulk, respectively. The explicit entropy formulary of apparent horizon in the general braneworld is worked out. We also discuss the masslike function which associated with a new typ...