Abstract Formal theories of scalar implicature appeal crucially to a set alternatives. These are the alternative statements that speaker could have made but chose not in pragmatic accounts, and figure computation exhaustivity operators grammatical approaches. I show three sufficiently explicit alternatives literature generate sets grow at least exponentially as function input, these very large ...

This research aims to reveal the types and implied meaning of implicature found in an online lecture courses English education study program at one university Yogyakarta. In this using descriptive qualitative methods by a theory from Grice (1975). The data findings consist three main implicatures generalized conversational with 14.3%, particularized 8.6% conventional 8.6%. Then, four functions ...

In sentences such as “Some dogs are mammals,” the literal semantic meaning (“Some and possibly all mammals”) conflicts with pragmatic (“Not known a scalar implicature). Prior work has shown that adults vary widely in extent to which they adopt or of utterances, yet underlying reason for this variation is unknown. Drawing on theoretical models implicature derivation, we explore hypothesis cognit...

There is growing attention to student assessments designed reach beyond the classroom, including with an immediate or future audience. The impact of audience, however, has not been examined in multimodal across continents, institutions, disciplines, and teaching contexts. Using qualitative data, this article examines on learning incorporating audience awareness diverse settings through projects...

The ongoing theoretical debate Scalar Implicatures (SIs) are pragmatic inferences that are normally derived in conversational exchanges when a scalar term is used. Different theoretical accounts have been proposed to explain how and when implicatures are derived. We will focus here on one particular aspect of this debate, namely, the question of the “cost” of implicature computation, which has ...