SYNOPSIS: U.S. and international auditing standard setters continue to raise questions about standard auditors’ reports and are exploring alternatives to those reports. Government agencies and professional organizations are also raising questions about the auditor’s report. These questions point to a continued existence of an ‘‘audit expectation gap.’’ To investigate perceptions and mispercepti...

SYNOPSIS: This paper reports descriptive evidence about how managers attempt to manage earnings, based on a sample of 515 earnings-management attempts obtained from a survey of 253 experienced auditors (and also analyzed by Nelson et al. 2002). We classify attempts first according to primary approach: expense recognition, revenue recognition, issues unique to business combinations, and other is...

We examine whether firms that share an auditor with at least one of their major customers are less likely to make accounting restatements compared to firms that do not have such links with their customers. Based on a sample of 4,808 firm-year observations during the period over 20002009, we find evidence supporting this prediction. We also show that this common auditor effect is mainly driven b...

External auditors are very important for third partite because they add credibility to financial statements and third party can make decision in accord of financial statement audited. In recent years, the auditing and accounting profession faced scrutiny because of auditing scandals. Recent high profile accounting controversies such as Enron and World have highlighted the continuing debate abou...

Controversy over auditor independence has raged in recent times, but little is known about what auditor independence means to the ultimate consumers of the auditors work. In New Zealand, the Institute of Chartered Accountants of New Zealand (called ICANZ) has held an inquiry into the issue (ICANZ, 2002, 2003), the New Zealand Stock Exchange has made changes to its listing requirements (NZX 2004...

There is a tension in the role of the IS auditor in public sector financial audits. Budgets for the conduct of such audits are tight. However, systems facilitating the production of financial reports are increasingly complex. How can IS audit be most effectively used to improve audit effectiveness and efficiency? Accordingly, this research reports the results of 23 extended interviews with publ...

Detecting fraudulent financial statements (FFS) is critical in order to protect the global financial market. In recent years, FFS have begun to appear and continue to grow rapidly, which has shocked the confidence of investors and threatened the economics of entire countries. While auditors are the last line of defense to detect FFS, many auditors lack the experience and expertise to deal with ...

In this article, we derive an audit risk formula for a simple situation. This formula closely resembles the SAS 47 model when we assume that no material misstatement due to fraud exists. A simple case illustrates how the risk of material misstatement due to management fraud impacts audit risk and how performing special audit procedures to detect such irregularities can decrease overall audit ri...

In the preamble to the Risk Management Program regulations (40 CFR Part 68), EPA endorses the concept of offering sources the option of using third parties to assist owner/operators in meeting their obligations under the rule. EPA recognizes that any third party proposal must: not weaken the compliance responsibilities of source owner/operators, offer cost savings and benefits to the industry, ...

MapReduce is a programming model that is capable of processing large data sets in distributed computing environments. The original MapReduce model was designed to be fault-tolerant in case of various network abnormalities. However, fault-tolerance does not guarantee that each working machine will be completely accountable; when nodes are malicious, they may intentionally misrepresent the proces...