Abstract In this research, ultrasonic melt treatment (UST) was used to produce a new ultrafine grade of spheroidal graphite cast iron (SG iron) and austempered ductile (ADI) alloys. Ultrasonic numerically simulated evaluated based on acoustic wave streaming. The simulation results revealed that the streaming waves propagated as stream jet in molten SG along centerline source (sonotrode) with ma...

Carbide-free bainitic (CFB) steels with a matrix of ferrite and thin layers retained austenite, to reduce the manufacturing costs, usually do not contain alloying elements. However, few reports were presented regarding effect elements on properties these steels. Thus, this study evaluates effects vanadium rare earth (Ce-La) microalloying structure, phase transformation kinetics, mechanical carb...