This paper discusses issues related to the Hybrid III dummy head/neck response due to deploying air bags. The primary issue is the occurrence of large moment at the occypital condyles of the dummy, when the head-rotation with respect to the torso is relatively small. The improbability of such an occurrence in humans is discussed in detail based on the available biomechanical data. A secondary i...

In Japan, the number of automobiles has exceeded thirty million and the number of driver's license holders reached thirty-five million (approximately thirty-five percent of the total population) at the end of 1976. Automobile traffic in many cities has been increasing rapidly year by year. Automobiles and trucks, at present in Japan, perform the most important part of a means for transporting p...

Al self-corrosion in alkaline electrolytes is a critical issue that restricts the practical application of Al-air batteries. To inhibit self-corrosion, hybrid nonionic surfactant (branched alkyl glycoside, abbreviated as BAG) and ZnO developed. Hydrogen evolution test, potentiodynamic polarization, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy are performed to investigate corrosion behavior electrode ...

The population of industrialized countries such as the United States or of countries from the European Union spends approximately more than one hour each day in vehicles. In this respect, numerous studies have so far addressed outdoor air pollution that arises from traffic. By contrast, only little is known about indoor air quality in vehicles and influences by non-vehicle sources.Therefore the...

The contribution of motorized traffic to air pollution is widely recognized, but relatively few studies have looked at the respiratory health status of subjects living near busy roads. We studied children in six areas located near major motorways in the Netherlands. We measured lung function in the children, and we assessed their exposure to traffic-related air pollution using separate traffic ...

Hazards caused by leakage of hydrocarbons have long been a problem. In this paper, the critical initiation energy and explosion limits of some hydrocarbon-air mixtures have been measured in confined (rectangle shock tube) and unconfined (plastic bag) condition tests. Two dimensionless parameters are suggested to compare the fire and explosion hazards of different hydrocarbons. Additionally, a s...

(1) High-efficiency particulate air (HEPA) filtration: the HEPA-filtration system used a prefilter screen, a bag filter (Eurovent [EU] 8 rating), and a HEPA filter (EU13 rating). (2) 2×-low-cost filtration: The low-cost-filtration system contained mosquito netting (prefilter), 2 fiberglass furnace filters, and 2 electrostatic furnace filters. (3) Bag filtration: Bag filtration involved the use ...