Previous studies have shown that autoimmune mice perform very poorly on active avoidance learning tasks. In the current studies, mice with lupus-like systemic autoimmunity were able to learn active, as well as passive, avoidance protocols with shock as reinforcement. Therefore, the behavioral deficits seen in active avoidance tasks are not a consequence of the use of electric shock. Rather, the...

A method is described for generating plan-like, reflexive, obstacle avoidance behaviour in a mobile robot. The experiments reported here use a simulated vehicle with a primitive range sensor. Avoidance behaviour is encoded as a set of continuous functions of the perceptual input space. These functions are stored using CMACs and trained by a variant of Barto and Sutton's adaptive critic algorith...

Background and Objective: Chlorogenic acid (CGA) is a major polyphenolic component of coffee. Reduction in the risk of a variety of diseases following CGA consumption has been mentioned in recent studies. The effect of CGA on learning and memory in rats with cognitive deficit induced by intracerebroventricular streptozotocin (STZ) and  acetylchoinesterase (AChE) activity was evaluated in this s...

conclusions these data suggest that single bilateral microinjection of aβ (25-35) could impair memory and can be used as an ad model in wistar rats. results the results showed that aβ (25-35) significantly impaired both step-through latency and time in dark compartment in the passive avoidance task. background alzheimer's disease (ad) is the most common form of dementia that leads to neurotoxic...

Background: Progesterone as a reproductive hormone is studied in the brain structure. New studies are mainly about systemic injection and have shown that the progesterone has different effects on memory. But it is not clear if hippocampus is mediator of progesterone in reinforcement of memory and learning. So, the effects of intra-hippocampal injection of progesterone on passive avoidance memor...

Spatial navigation is used as a popular animal model of higher cognitive functions in people. The data suggest that the hippocampus is important for both storing spatial memories and for performing spatial computations necessary for navigation. Animals use multiple behavioral strategies to solve spatial tasks often using multiple memory systems. We investigated how inactivation of the rat hippo...

The possibility of the presence of inter-individual emotional differences and the memory performance of rats was examined in the elevated T-maze. Two kinds of aversively motivated behaviors, inhibitory avoidance and escape learning, were measured. Based on the number of trials to achieve a learning criterion, rats were divided into two subgroups with either low or high avoidance reactivity (LAR...

background and objective: diabetes mellitus is common endocrine disease cause learning and memory impairment. this study was done to evaluate the effect of quercetin on learning and memory in stz-induced diabetic rats was investigated. methods: in this experimental study, 40 male wistar rats were randomly allocated into five groups: control, quercetin - treated control, diabetic and quercetin -...

Problem Statement: Because research on self-compassion is novel, to examine the relationships between this construct and several psychological and educational variables is a necessity. One of these educational variables is achievement goals. Purpose of Study: The purpose of this study is to examine the relationships between self-compassion and achievement goal orientations. Methods: The sample ...